The theory of the Vedanta school, one of the six schools of Indian philosophy. It is also called non-dualism. The Absolute Being Brahman is an absolute, undifferentiated reality that does not allow for any limitations, and is also called the Supreme Self. The Supreme Self is identical in essence with the individual selves. Brahman appears in the real world as numerous individual selves because of ignorance, avidyā. The diversity of the phenomenal world is also based on ignorance and does not exist in the ultimate sense. It is like an illusion, māyā. This ignorance can be destroyed by intuiting the true nature of ātman. One can attain liberation by realizing the identity of the individual self and the Supreme Self. At the complete state of liberation, the individual self is united with Brahman. The above theory was advocated by Shankara, who is often called the greatest philosopher of India in the past. His successors debated the issue of ignorance, and several sects arose. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
インド六派哲学の一つであるベーダーンタ学派の説。不二一元論ともいう。絶対者ブラフマンは,いかなる限定も許さない絶対無差別の実在で,最高我とも呼ばれる。最高我は本体において個我と同一のものである。ブラフマンが現実世界に個別的な多数の個我として現れ出ているのは,無明 avidyāのためである。現象界の多様相も無明に基づくもので,勝義には存在しない。それは幻 māyāのごときものである。この無明はアートマンの本性を直観することにより滅ぼされる。個我と最高我の同一性を知れば解脱する。解脱の完全な境界において,個我はブラフマンと合一する。以上の説は,しばしば過去のインドにおける最大の哲学者と称されるシャンカラによって唱えられた。後継者たちは,無明の問題をめぐって論議を行い,いくつかの分派が生じた。
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