Pressure Shield - Akkishield

Japanese: 圧気シールド - あっきしーるど
Pressure Shield - Akkishield

...A cylindrical machine called a shield (originally meaning a shield) with a length of about 4 to 7 meters, covered entirely with thin steel plates and the same diameter as the tunnel, is lowered into the ground in a shaft or other location, and the shield is advanced with a jack while excavating inside the tunnel, and the tunnel is lined with segments (iron or concrete blocks) to construct the tunnel (Figure). To prevent water from seeping in, compressed air is pumped into the shield (called a compressed air shield), which is effective in excavating soft, poor ground or ground that is water-bearing. It was invented by MI Brunel of England in 1818, and was first used in the Thames Underground Tunnel in London in 1825.

From [Underwater Tunnel]

...With the exception of undersea tunnels such as the Seikan Tunnel, the majority of underwater tunnels are built in large cities near the mouths of rivers, and many of the locations have weak geology.
[Installation method]
There are two types of construction methods for underwater tunnels: standard methods, similar to those used for excavating mountain tunnels, and special methods that are suitable for soft ground, such as the cut and backfill method, the air caisson method, the air shield method, and the immersed tunnel method. Standard methods often involve the injection of waterproofing agents to seal cracks in the ground to stop seepage, and are used in rocky ground that is not soft.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "pressure shield" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…シールドshield(本来は盾の意)と呼ばれる,トンネル外径大で全体が薄い鋼板で覆われた長さ4~7mほどの円筒状の機械を立坑などで地中に降ろし,その中で掘削しつつシールドをジャッキで推進させ,セグメント(鉄またはコンクリート製ブロック)を用いて覆工し,トンネルを築造するものである(図)。湧水を防ぐために,圧縮空気を送り込むことにより(圧気シールドという),軟弱悪質な地盤や帯水地盤での掘削に威力を発揮する。1818年イギリスのM.I.ブルネルによって考案され,25年,ロンドンのテムズ河底トンネルに使用されたのが最初である。…

【水底トンネル】より

…水底トンネルは青函トンネルのような海底トンネルを除けば,大多数は河口近くの大都市に作られ,地質も軟弱な場所が多い。
[施工方法]
 水底トンネルの施工法には山岳トンネルを掘削するのと同様な普通工法と,開削埋戻し工法,空気ケーソン工法,圧気シールド工法,沈埋工法などの軟弱地盤にも適する特殊な工法とがある。普通工法は湧水を止めるために地山の裂け目をふさぐ防水剤の注入を併用することが多く,地質が軟弱でなく,岩質な地山に適用される。…

※「圧気シールド」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

<<:  Atsugi Air Base

>>:  Atsugi Air Base

Recommend

Schaefer, FK (English spelling) SchaeferFK

... However, with the introduction of the metric ...

Warts - Warts

…The leaves are long and slender, with pointed ti...

DGB - DeGeB

German Trade Union Confederation ( Deutscher Gewer...

Crane fly (giant mosquito) - Crane fly

A general term for insects belonging to the superf...

follicle

…Some fruits automatically scatter seeds like thi...

Rupee - Rupee (English spelling)

The currency unit of India and the surrounding ar...

Gauze - Gaze (English spelling) German

It is a very thin plain weave fabric made from lo...

Camarin - Camarin

…Latin American colonial baroque is also known as...

Euander - Euanderus

…a figure in Roman legend. Greek name Euandros. 6...

Yiddish - Yiddish

A Jewish language based on Middle High German (Ger...

One person's allowance - Ichininbuchi

〘 noun 〙 In the Edo period, this was a standard of...

Ethos - Greek word ēthos

Originally a Greek word meaning "character,&...

Mochi disease - Mochi disease

This disease is caused by fungi of the genus Polyt...

Pseudocrangonyx shikokunis (English spelling) Pseudocrangonyxshikokunis

...The well-known terrestrial species are the san...

Picea

...A tall evergreen tree of the pine family found...