...A cylindrical machine called a shield (originally meaning a shield) with a length of about 4 to 7 meters, covered entirely with thin steel plates and the same diameter as the tunnel, is lowered into the ground in a shaft or other location, and the shield is advanced with a jack while excavating inside the tunnel, and the tunnel is lined with segments (iron or concrete blocks) to construct the tunnel (Figure). To prevent water from seeping in, compressed air is pumped into the shield (called a compressed air shield), which is effective in excavating soft, poor ground or ground that is water-bearing. It was invented by MI Brunel of England in 1818, and was first used in the Thames Underground Tunnel in London in 1825. From [Underwater Tunnel] ...With the exception of undersea tunnels such as the Seikan Tunnel, the majority of underwater tunnels are built in large cities near the mouths of rivers, and many of the locations have weak geology. *Some of the terminology that refers to "pressure shield" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…シールドshield(本来は盾の意)と呼ばれる,トンネル外径大で全体が薄い鋼板で覆われた長さ4~7mほどの円筒状の機械を立坑などで地中に降ろし,その中で掘削しつつシールドをジャッキで推進させ,セグメント(鉄またはコンクリート製ブロック)を用いて覆工し,トンネルを築造するものである(図)。湧水を防ぐために,圧縮空気を送り込むことにより(圧気シールドという),軟弱悪質な地盤や帯水地盤での掘削に威力を発揮する。1818年イギリスのM.I.ブルネルによって考案され,25年,ロンドンのテムズ河底トンネルに使用されたのが最初である。… 【水底トンネル】より…水底トンネルは青函トンネルのような海底トンネルを除けば,大多数は河口近くの大都市に作られ,地質も軟弱な場所が多い。 ※「圧気シールド」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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