A non-benzene aromatic compound. It has a structure in which five-membered and seven-membered rings are condensed, and appears as a deep blue plate-like crystal. It is an isomer of naphthalene, has a distinctive odor, and isomerizes to naphthalene when heated to 300°C. In 1863, George William Septimus Piesse (1820-1882) extracted a blue or purple liquid from vegetable oil and named it azulene from azul (blue). At the time, the structure of these substances was unknown, but in 1936, Placidus Andreas Plattner (1904-1975) synthesized the skeleton for the first time and established the structure of the parent compound. Subsequent research revealed that the compound extracted from vegetable oil was an alkyl derivative of the parent azulene with a skeleton of C10H8 . It is insoluble in water, but soluble in phosphoric acid and many organic solvents. Azulene is aromatic because the seven-membered ring donates electrons to the five-membered ring, satisfying Hückel's rule. Therefore, electrophilic reagents can cause substitution reactions at the 1- and 3-positions of the electron-dense five-membered ring. Azulene has played a major role in the research of non-benzene aromatic compounds. [Mukai Toshio] [References] | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
非ベンゼン系芳香族化合物の一つ。5員環と7員環が縮合した構造をもち、濃青色の板状結晶。ナフタレンの異性体で、特有のにおいをもち、300℃に加熱するとナフタレンに異性化する。1863年ピエスGeorge William Septimus Piesse(1820―1882)が植物油中から青または紫色の液体を取り出しアズルazul(青)からアズレンと総称した。当時これらの物質の構造は不明で、1936年プラットナーPlacidus Andreas Plattner(1904―1975)により初めて骨格が合成され、母体の構造が確立した。その後の研究で植物油中から得たものはC10H8の骨格をもつ母体アズレンのアルキル誘導体であることが明らかにされた。水に不溶であるがリン酸に溶け、また多くの有機溶媒に溶ける。7員環が5員環に電子を供与する形でヒュッケル則を満たすことにより、芳香族性であることがわかる。そのため求電子試剤により電子密度の高い5員環の1、3位で置換反応をおこす。アズレンが非ベンゼン系芳香族化合物の研究に果たした役割は大きい。 [向井利夫] [参照項目] | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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