Subrogation - Daiibensai

Japanese: 代位弁済 - だいいべんさい
Subrogation - Daiibensai

When a third party or one of the joint debtors (such as a guarantor or joint debtor) makes a payment on behalf of the debtor or other joint debtors, he or she often acquires a right of reimbursement against these persons. In order to ensure the effectiveness of this right of reimbursement, the Civil Code provides that the rights held by the creditor and their subordinate rights (such as security interests) are transferred to the payor (Article 499 onwards). This is called subrogation, subrogation of the payor, or subrogation by performance. For example, when Person C makes a payment to Creditor A of Person B, Person A's claim and security interests (such as mortgages and pledges) are transferred to Person C. There are two types of subrogation: statutory subrogation and voluntary subrogation. A person who has a legitimate interest in the payment (such as a guarantor or a third party acquirer of mortgaged real estate) is naturally subrogated to the creditor by performance (Article 500). This is statutory subrogation. Other persons may be subrogated with the creditor's consent (Article 499 onwards). This is voluntary subrogation.

[Takahisa Awaji]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

第三者または共同債務者(たとえば保証人や連帯債務者など)の1人が、債務者または他の共同債務者にかわって弁済をなす場合には、これらの者に対して求償権を取得することが多い。この求償権の効力を確保するために、民法は、債権者の有した権利およびこれに従たる権利(担保権など)が弁済者に移転するものとした(499条以下)。これを代位弁済、弁済者の代位、または弁済による代位という。たとえば、丙が乙の債権者甲に弁済することにより、甲の債権、担保権(たとえば抵当権や質権)などが丙に移転するなど。代位弁済には法定代位と任意代位とがある。弁済するについて正当な利益を有する者(物上保証人とか抵当不動産の第三取得者など)は、弁済によって当然債権者に代位する(500条)。これが法定代位である。その他の者は債権者の承諾を得て代位することができる(499条)。これが任意代位である。

[淡路剛久]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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