...Analysis of the amino acid sequence has revealed that there are two main types of amyloid proteins: a protein with a molecular weight of 5,000 to 25,000 belonging to the immunoglobulin light chain, and amyloid A protein with a molecular weight of about 8,500. However, the existence of several other amyloid proteins has been revealed. When amyloid deposits in a part of the body or in tissues throughout the body, it is pathologically called amyloid degeneration, and the disease that is the main form of this is called amyloidosis. The cause of amyloidosis is unknown, and there are secondary forms that occur in association with various chronic diseases, primary forms that occur without any preceding disease, forms that occur in conjunction with multiple myeloma, localized forms, hereditary familial forms, and senile forms. ... From [Hepatomegaly]…Pathological enlargement of the liver. The liver is the largest solid organ in the human body, and most of it is located in the right upper abdomen (right hypochondrium). The weight of a normal liver varies with age, but is 1000-1300g in adult men and 900-1100g in adult women. It is divided into right and left lobes by the falciform ligament, and the right lobe is about six times larger than the left lobe. The upper boundary of the normal right lobe of the liver is on the right breast line at the level of the 5th to 6th ribs, and the lower boundary is below the right costal arch, barely palpable below the costal arch, but in an enlarged liver the lower border is lowered. … From [denaturation]…Medically, it generally refers to a change in the properties of cells or tissues caused by an external damaging factor or metabolic abnormality, but in pathology, the term is usually used only when, when observed under an optical microscope, an image of the cell showing the presence of a qualitatively or quantitatively abnormal substance appears along with such a change in properties. Apart from physical damage, this occurs due to the accumulation of substances caused by chemical damage at the chemical level caused by chemical reactions that are unfavorable to the cell. For example, the action of autolytic enzymes can cause the formation of vacuoles to process damaged intracellular organelles (vacuolar degeneration), bacterial toxins and various toxic substances can cause intracellular metabolic abnormalities that result in the accumulation of lipid droplets, metabolic abnormalities due to congenital enzyme deficiencies that cause the synthesis of substances to proceed only halfway, or conversely, substances that should be processed can accumulate excessively within the cell without being fully broken down. … *Some of the terminology that refers to "amyloidosis" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…そのアミノ酸配列の分析によって,タンパク質は免疫グロブリンのL鎖に属する分子量5000~2万5000のタンパク質と,分子量約8500のアミロイドAタンパク質との2種類が主要タンパク質とされているが,これら以外に数種のアミロイドタンパク質の存在が明らかにされている。アミロイドが身体の一部に,あるいは全身の組織に沈着した場合,病理形態学的にアミロイド変性と呼び,これを本態とする疾患をアミロイドージスamyloidosisという。アミロイドージスの原因は不明で,種々の慢性疾患に伴っておこる続発性のもの,先行する疾患なしにおこる原発性のもの,多発性骨髄腫に合併するもの,限局性のもの,遺伝性家族性のもの,老人性のものなどがある。… 【肝腫大】より…肝臓が病的に大きくなること。肝臓は人体内で最も大きな実質臓器で,大部分は右上腹部(右季肋部)に位置している。正常者の肝臓の重量は,年齢によって異なるが,成人男子で1000~1300g,成人女子で900~1100gである。肝鎌状靱帯(じんたい)によって右葉と左葉に分けられ,右葉は左葉の約6倍である。正常肝右葉の上界は右乳線上で第5~6肋骨の高さ,下界は右肋骨弓下にあって肋骨弓下にわずかに触れるか触れない程度であるが,腫張した肝臓では下縁が下がってくる。… 【変性】より…医学的には,一般に外来の障害因子や代謝の異常によって細胞や組織が障害を受け,性質が変わったことをいうが,病理学では,ふつう,光学顕微鏡で観察したとき,そういった性質の変化に伴って質的あるいは量的に異常な物質の存在を示す像が細胞に出現するときにのみ用いられる。これは物理的障害を別にすれば,細胞にとって不利な化学反応によって起きた化学的レベルの損傷によって物質が蓄積されたために起こる。たとえば,自己融解性の酵素の作用で障害を受けた細胞内小器官を処理するための空胞ができたり(空胞変性),細菌毒素や種々の中毒物質で細胞内の代謝異常が起こって脂肪滴がたまったり,先天性酵素欠損のための代謝異常で物質の合成が途中までしか進まないため,あるいは逆に処理すべき物質が十分に分解されないまま細胞内に過剰にたまったりする。… ※「アミロイドージス」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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