In terms of jurisdiction and judicial administration, it refers to a court that is subordinate to the Supreme Court, which is the higher court. In Japan, the Supreme Court is established directly by the Constitution, but lower courts are established by law (Constitution, Article 76, Paragraph 1), and currently there are four types of courts: high courts, district courts, family courts, and summary courts. However, the term lower court is sometimes used to refer to the hierarchical relationship between lower courts themselves. Of course, it is not permitted to affect the jurisdiction of lower court judges in the name of judicial administration (Constitution, Article 76, Paragraph 3; Court Act, Article 81). Lower court judges are appointed by the Cabinet from a list of people nominated by the Supreme Court. Their term of office is 10 years, and they may be reappointed (Constitution, Article 80, Paragraph 1). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
審級関係および司法行政関係において,上級裁判所である最高裁判所の下位にある裁判所をいう。日本では,最高裁判所は憲法により直接設置されるが,下級裁判所は法律により設置されることになっており (憲法 76条1項) ,現在,高等裁判所,地方裁判所,家庭裁判所,簡易裁判所の4種類が設けられている。もっとも下級裁判所という語は,下級裁判所自体の間での上下関係をさして用いられることもある。もとより司法行政権の名において下級裁判所裁判官の裁判権に影響を及ぼすことは許されない (憲法 76条3項,裁判所法 81) 。下級裁判所の裁判官は,最高裁判所が指名した者の名簿のなかから内閣が任命する。その任期は 10年で,再任されることができる (憲法 80条1項) 。
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