Human relations - ningen kankei (English spelling)

Japanese: 人間関係 - にんげんかんけい(英語表記)human relations
Human relations - ningen kankei (English spelling)
Human relations refers to the internal and real relationships in the sustained social relations between people. In other words, human relations are real interpersonal relationships that are formed and maintained spontaneously through direct contact between people, and are relationships that include and are colored by the special feelings, moods, and motivations of the people who participate in them. The term human relations began to be used in sociology with a certain meaning and content due to the Hawthorne experiments. As the rationalization and bureaucratization of industrial and other formal organizations progresses, the situation of alienation deepens, such as becoming a cog in the machine and losing one's autonomy. The logic of flesh-and-blood people and informal human relations that resist this sharply conflicts with the logic of formal organizations. Since it was discovered that unique collective beliefs and group pressures serve the dual function of internal psychological stabilization and external defense against external interference, the importance of human relations in large organizations has been discovered.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
人々の間の持続的な社会関係における内面的,現実的な関係をいう。すなわち,人間関係は人々の間に直接の接触を介して自然発生的に形成され,維持される現実の人間対人間の関係であり,そこに参加する人々のいだく特別の感情,気分,意欲などを含み,それによっていろどられる関係である。人間関係という言葉が社会学のなかで一定の意味内容をもって語られはじめたのはホーソン実験によってである。産業その他のフォーマルな組織の合理化や官僚制化の進行につれて,機構の歯車化や主体性の喪失など疎外状況が深まるなかで,これに抵抗する生身の人間やインフォーマルな人間関係のもつ論理がフォーマルな組織のもつ論理と鋭く対立する。そこに独自の集合的信念や集団圧力によって対内的には心理的安定化,対外的には外部の干渉からの防衛という二重の機能を営むことが発見されて以来,巨大組織における人間関係の重要性が発見されたのである。

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