...The issue of generations in hadith studies is closely related to the nature of hadith in Islam. That is, contemporaries of the Prophet Muhammad passed on the traditional hadith about the Prophet's words and deeds to the next generation, who passed them on to the next generation, and when they were recorded, in addition to the main text, the names of the transmitters who transmitted the hadith from generation to generation were recorded as isnads. Then, in order to examine the authenticity of hadith, collections of biographies of transmitters were compiled for each generation, and such collections of biographies were also called tabaqat, and later collections of biographies by generation based on the teacher-student relationship of ulama, Sufis, etc. were also called tabaqat. ... From Hadith…The jurist Shafi'i adopted their methodology and established the theory of the sources of Islamic law (usul). Hadith consists of the main text (matn) and the record of the process of transmission (isnad), and anything without the latter is not strictly considered a hadith. The study of hadith criticism developed by followers of hadith is focused on examining the authenticity of the isnad, and the creation of a huge collection of biographies (tabakat) for this purpose is one of the notable characteristics of Islamic historiography. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Isnad" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ハディース学において,世代が問題とされるのは,イスラムにおけるハディースのあり方と大きくかかわっている。すなわち,預言者ムハンマドの同世代人が預言者の言行に関する伝承ハディースを次の世代に語り継ぎ,彼らがさらに次の世代に語り継ぎ,それが記録されるときには,その本文マトンのほかに,代々ハディースを語り伝えた伝承者の名をイスナードとして記録する。そしてハディースの真偽の検討のために,世代ごとにまとめられた伝承者の伝記集が編纂されたが,このような形式の伝記集をもタバカートといい,後にはウラマー,スーフィーなどの師弟関係を基準にした世代別の伝記集もタバカートと呼ばれた。… 【ハディース】より…法学者シャーフィイーは彼らの方法論を採り入れ,イスラムの法源(ウスール)論を確立したのである。ハディースは本文マトンmatnと,伝承の過程の記録イスナードisnādからなり,後者を欠いたものは厳密にはハディースとはみなされない。ハディースの徒が発達させたハディース批判の学は,イスナードの信憑性の吟味に終始し,そのために膨大な伝記集(タバカート)のつくられたことが,イスラム史学の一つの著しい特徴となっている。… ※「イスナード」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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