Augustinians

Japanese: アウグスチノ会 - アウグスチノかい（英語表記）Augustinians

A general term for religious orders that follow the Augustinian rule of communal life. Three rules have been handed down, but only the "Regula ad servos Dei" (Rules for the Servants of God) was written by Augustine, and is the 211th letter. The ideal that Augustine pursued in the communal life of Tagaste and its continuation in the monastery of Hippo was a voluntary communal life of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and moderation was valued both in the inner and outer aspects. The Augustinian Order includes seven orders of knights, the Dominicans, the Premonstratensians, the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Nolascans, the Congregations of the Most Holy Trinity, the Alexian Order, and the Congregation of Nurses. The Augustinian Order is broadly divided into the Augustinian Chapters and the Augustinian Hermits. The Augustinian Chapters (Canonici Regulares St. Augustini) were reorganized into regular monastic orders from the chapters that had long been imitated and continued the ideal of communal life of Augustine. They had many monks and flourished very much in the late Middle Ages, but have declined since the Reformation. The Augustinian Hermits (Ordo Eremitarum St. Augustini) was formed in 1256 by a papal bull from many hermits, and produced many talented people from the late Middle Ages to the early modern period, and is still active in Western Europe and South America. In addition, the female orders are broadly divided into the Augustinian Chapters and the Shoe- and Disemboweled Augustinian Hermits, all of which were popular in the Middle Ages but are no longer as prosperous as they once were.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

アウグスチノ共同生活規則をとる修道会の総称。3つの規則が伝わっているが，『神の下僕のための規則』 Regula ad servos Deiのみが教父アウグスチヌスの手になるもので第 211書簡がそれである。タガステの共同生活とそれを継続したヒッポの修道院でアウグスチヌスの追求した理想は，自発的に営まれる清貧，貞潔，従順の共同生活であり，内面外面を問わず中庸が尊ばれた。アウグスチノ修道会は7つの騎士修道会，ドミニコ会，プレモントレ会，聖母マリアの下僕会，ノラスコ会，聖三位一体会，アレキシオ会，看護修道会らを含み，同じ規則をとる女子修道会をアウグスチノ修道女会と総称する。アウグスチノ会はアウグスチノ修道参事会とアウグスチノ隠修士会に大別される。アウグスチノ修道参事会 Canonici Regulares St. Augustiniは古くから模倣されていたアウグスチヌスの共同生活の理想を継承した参事会を正規の修道会に組織替えしたものであり，多くの修族をもち，中世末期には非常な繁栄をみたが宗教改革以後衰えている。アウグスチノ隠修道士会 Ordo Eremitarum St. Augustiniはアレクサンデル4世の大勅書によって 1256年多くの隠修士会より形成され，中世末期から近世にかけて多くの人材を輩出させ，現在も西ヨーロッパおよび南アメリカで活動している。また女子修道会はアウグスチノ女子修道参事会，履靴と跣足のアウグスチノ女子隠修会などに大別されるが，いずれも中世に普及したものの現在ではかつての繁栄はない。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Augustine - Augustine

>>: Augustinian Hermits - Augustinian Hermits