An armed group formed in November 1913 during World War I under the leadership of P. Pearce in rebellion against the British colonial rule of Ireland. Historically, the Sinn Féin party, which was formed in 1905 by the lower classes in southern Ireland, recruited members of the National Volunteer Army in 1913 and gained overwhelming support from the people. The National Party, which represented the bourgeoisie and wealthy peasants, later joined and took the lead. However, with the outbreak of World War I, the country was automatically forced to join the war. As opposition to the war and demands for independence grew, the influence of the National Party, which supported the British government, declined, and Sinn Féin created a separate, clandestine Irish Volunteer Army. In response, the British government arrested Sinn Féin leaders one after another and moved to disband the Irish Volunteer Army, so the Irish Volunteer Army and the Irish Citizen Army, which was mainly made up of workers, formed an alliance and rebelled in Dublin on April 24, 1916, but was ultimately defeated (→ Easter Rising). However, the Sinn Fein Party, which promoted the uprising, won overwhelming support among the people, while the National Party, which opposed it, fell into decline. In the general election of 1918, Sinn Fein won a landslide victory, and played a central role in the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922. (→Irish Independence Movement) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
第1次世界大戦中の 1913年 11月イギリスのアイルランド植民地支配に反抗するため P.ピアースを指導者として結成された武装団体。歴史的には,05年アイルランド南部に下級市民層を中心として結成されたシン・フェーン党が 13年国民義勇軍を募集し,国民の絶大な支持を得たことに端を発するが,その後ブルジョアと富農層を代表する国民党も参加,指導権を握った。しかし,第1次世界大戦勃発とともに自動的に参戦させられ,戦争反対と独立の要求が高まるなかで,イギリス政府を支持した国民党の影響力は後退,シン・フェーン党は別途に非公然のアイルランド義勇軍を創設した。これに対しイギリス政府はシン・フェーン党幹部を次々に逮捕,アイルランド義勇軍を解体させる動きに出たため,アイルランド義勇軍と労働者を中心とするアイルランド市民軍は提携を進め,16年4月 24日ダブリンで反乱を起したが,結局敗北に終った (→復活祭蜂起 ) 。しかし蜂起を推進したシン・フェーン党は国民の間で圧倒的な支持を獲得,逆に反対した国民党は凋落した。 18年の総選挙ではシン・フェーン党は大勝し,22年のアイルランド自由国の建設に中心的役割を果した。 (→アイルランド独立運動 )
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