Gagaku Ryo - Gagaku Ryo

A national institution in charge of teaching music and dance at the royal court. It is also called "Utamai no Tsukasa," "Utazukasa," or "Utaryo." Modeled after the Taira Office of the Han dynasty and the Kyobo of the Tang dynasty, it was established as a department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs by the Taiho Code in 701 (Taiho 1). Initially, it was a large organization of over 250 people, mainly focusing on Wa music, with poets and poets, Goryeo musicians and musicians, and Togaku musicians and musicians in each field of Wa music, Sankan music, and Togaku. However, it gradually shrank, and in 731 (Tenpyo 3), the largest number of people was Dora music, now called Thai music, with 62 people, while Wa music had the smallest number of people with 28 people. In 809 (Daido 4), due to the construction of Heian-kyo and natural disasters, the number was reduced to a total of 40 people.

In the early 9th century, Japanese music was studied at the Ooutadokoro (the Imperial Palace), while women were studied at the Naikyobo (the Imperial Court), and the Gagaku-ryo (the Imperial Court's Office) became an external music training center for men. In 948 (Tenryaku 2), the office for Gagaku-ryo musicians in the Imperial Palace was officially named the Gakuso (the Imperial Court's Office), and the Gagaku-ryo continued to exist in name only until 1870 (Meiji 3), when it was taken over by the Gagaku Bureau in the Dajokan (the Imperial Council of State), and has continued to exist as the Music Department of the Imperial Household Agency today.

[Yoko Hashimoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

宮廷の音楽・舞踊の教習をつかさどる国家機関。「うたまいのつかさ」「うたづかさ」「うたりょう」ともいう。中国漢代の太楽署、唐代の教坊に倣い、701年（大宝1）大宝律令(たいほうりつりょう)により治部省の一部門として制定された。当初は和楽・三韓楽(さんかんがく)・唐楽(とうがく)などの各分野に歌師・歌人、高麗(こま)楽師・高麗楽生、唐楽師・唐楽生を置き、250余名からなる和楽を中心とした大規模なものであったが、漸次縮小し、731年（天平3）には、いまのタイ国の音楽といわれる度羅楽(とらがく)が62名で最多、和楽は28名で最少となり、809年（大同4）には平安京造営や天災のあおりで総勢40名にまで削減された。

　9世紀初めには和楽は大歌所(おおうたどころ)で、女子は内(ない)教坊で学ばれることになり、雅楽寮は男子の外来楽教習所となる。948年（天暦2）には内裏(だいり)内の雅楽寮楽人(がくにん)の詰所が正式に楽所(がくそ)と称されて発足し、以後、雅楽寮は有名無実のまま存続するが、1870年（明治3）太政官(だじょうかん)に置かれた雅楽局に引き継がれて、今日の宮内庁楽部に至っている。

［橋本曜子］

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