zhalovannaya gramota (English spelling)zhalovannaya gramota

… Peter I tried to get the local nobility to participate and cooperate in the provincial offices and other local institutions he established, but it was unsuccessful. It was Catherine II who succeeded in this, and in her local reforms she created many offices such as the chief of the district police and judges of the noble courts to be elected by local nobility. These offices were elected along with the nobility's own positions such as the head of the district nobility at the meetings of the district and provincial nobility established by the charter of privileges (zhalovannaya gramota) of 1785. The government placed many restrictions on the activities of these nobles, but also gave ranks to the elected positions, and the head of the provincial nobility in particular was given an office second only to the governor, making him a powerful and important figure within the province. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "zhalovannaya gramota" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…　ピョートル1世は彼の設けた県庁その他の地方機関にも，在地の貴族の参加･協力をはかったが，うまくいかなかった。これを成功させたのはエカチェリナ2世で，女帝はその地方改革で郡警察署長，貴族裁判所の判事など在地貴族の互選による多くの官職を設け，これら官職は1785年の特権認可状zhalovannaya gramotaで設立された郡･県の貴族団の集会で，貴族団長など貴族団そのものの役職とともに選出された。政府はこの貴族団の活動に多くの制限をつけたが，民選の官職･役職にも官等を与え，とくに県貴族団長は知事に次ぐ官等を与えられて県内で有力かつ重要な存在となった。…

※「zhalovannaya gramota」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報