Sloane, H.

Japanese: Sloane,H.(英語表記)SloaneH
Sloane, H.

The collection includes Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Western Asian, and Oriental antiquities, European medieval art, as well as coins, medals, prints, drawings, manuscripts, etc. The Royal Academy of Fine Arts (1660-1753) was founded when Hans Sloane (1660-1753), a physician and president of the Royal Academy, bequeathed his large collection (65,352 historical relics, 4,100 manuscripts, and 10 million printed books) to the state for 1/1000th of the value he estimated (20,000 pounds). To this, the collection of R. Cotton, which included the Book of Lindisfarne and Magna Carta, and the collection of the 1st and 2nd Earls of Oxford, were added, and Montagu House, located at the current site, was purchased to house and display these works. The collection continued to grow, and in the early 19th century, as a result of the Treaty of Alexandria, Nelson brought many Egyptian sculptures, including the Rosetta Stone, which had been discovered by Napoleon's soldiers, and Lord Elgin brought the sculptures from the Parthenon (the Elgin Marbles).

From the Museum

...From this time on, the term "museum" began to be used in various countries to refer to facilities that preserve and exhibit collections. In 1759, the National Museum (British Museum) was founded, centered on the collection of the British collector Hans Sloane (1660-1753), and from this time onwards, the royal collections of European countries began to be opened to the public. The French Revolution, which began in 1789, also had a major impact on the history of museums. ...

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Sloane, H." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…エジプト,ギリシア,ローマ,西アジア,東洋の古代美術,ヨーロッパの中世美術,その他コイン,メダル,版画,素描,写本などを収蔵する。王立学士院の院長を務めた医学者スローンHans Sloane(1660‐1753)が自分の大コレクション(歴史的遺品類6万5352点,手写本4100点,印刷本1000万点)を,彼自身が見積もった1000分の1の価格(2万ポンド)で国家に遺贈したことに端を発し,これに,《リンディスファーンの書》,マグナ・カルタなどを含んだR.コットンの蔵書,第1,2代のオックスフォード伯の蔵書が加えられ,これらを収蔵,公開するために現在地にあったモンタギュー・ハウスMontagu Houseが購入された。以後収蔵品は増加の一途をたどり,19世紀初めにはアレクサンドリア条約の結果,ナポレオンの兵士が発見したロゼッタ・ストーンをはじめ多くのエジプト彫刻がネルソンによって,パルテノンからの彫刻群(エルギン・マーブルズ)がエルギン卿によって,それぞれもたらされた。…

【博物館】より

…このころから,各国で〈ミュージアム〉の用語がコレクションの保存,展示をする施設に対して用いられるようになった。1759年,イギリスの収集家スローンHans Sloane(1660‐1753)のコレクションを中心に国立博物館(大英博物館)が創設され,また,このころからヨーロッパ各国の王室のコレクションが一般に公開されるようになった。89年に始まったフランス革命は,博物館の歴史にも大きな影響を与えた。…

※「Sloane,H.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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