...If a is a positive number other than 1 and x is any positive number, then a real number u is determined such that a u = x . This u is called the logarithm of x with a as the base, and can be written as u = log a x . In this case, x is also called the real number of u . A numerical table that gives the value of log a x for a given value of x is called a logarithm table. The basic properties of logarithms are that log a1 = 0, log aa = 1 ... (1) log axy = log ax + log ay ... ( 2) log a ( x / y ) = log ax - log ay ... (3) log axp = p log ax ( p is any real number) ... (4) Using a logarithm table, we can find the logarithms of x and y , log ax and log ay , and then calculate the sum log ax + log ay = log axy . By looking up the logarithm table in reverse, we can find the real number xy of log axy . Therefore, the multiplication of real numbers can be replaced by the addition of logarithms using the logarithm table. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Vega, G" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…aを1でない正の数,xを任意の正の数とすると,au=xとなる実数uが定まる。このuを〈aを底(てい)とするxの対数〉といい,u=logaxと書く。またこのとき,xをuの真数という。aを定めて,xの値に対するlogaxの値を与える数値表を対数表という。対数の基本的な性質としては, loga1=0,logaa=1 ……(1) logaxy=logax+logay ……(2) loga(x/y)=logax-logay ……(3) logaxp=plogax (pは任意の実数) ……(4) 対数表によってx,yの対数logax,logayを求め,和logax+logay=logaxyを計算して,対数表を逆に引くことによりlogaxyの真数xyを求めることができるから,真数の乗法が対数表によって対数の加法で置き換えられる。… ※「Vega,G」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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