vanitas

Japanese: vanitas
vanitas

...Also, in individual tableaux, allegorical paintings that praised earthly values ​​and were supported by a happy feeling of life flourished, such as Jan Bruegel's Allegory of the Five Senses and the Four Seasons, Jordaens's Allegory of Abundance, and Bouet's Triumph of Hope, Love, and Beauty over Time. On the other hand, in the Protestant Netherlands, the theme of the source of sin, which was painted in series in the Middle Ages, such as P. Claesz's Still Life with a Skull (1630), which teaches the lesson of "remembering death" with a table clock, a smoking lamp, and a skull, and JM Molenaer's The World of Women, which warns against "vanity" with the act of having a maid comb her head, a skull, and soap bubbles, has now become an independent subject for didactic paintings. In addition, the Spanish tapestry "The Weavers" by Velázquez was also a favorite technique of using a wall-hanging tapestry as a painting within a painting to allude to the allegorical theme of the triumph of painting over technology.

From [Death]

…Furthermore, through the 14th and 15th centuries, the Ars Moriendi (Arts of Resurrection, Instructions for the Dead) became widespread, and the woodcuts accompanying these texts depicted realistic scenes of heaven and hell, as well as angels and demons fighting over the souls of the dead. In Germany in the 15th and 16th centuries, the so-called vanitas (transience) imagery became popular, in which Death appears to a young beautiful woman while she is getting her makeup done. The most distinctive example of this is the transi (transi) imagery, which realistically depicts the decay and decay of the deceased's corpse on the tomb of a high-ranking person. …

From "Hourglass"

…(2) In the image of the Triumph of Death, a skeleton of the dead attacks the living, and Death holds an hourglass along with a scythe or arrow (Wieriks). (3) In 17th-century Dutch still-life paintings, the hourglass, along with musical instruments on a table, books, a handbag, and a skull, which symbolizes memento mori (remember death), is a tool that emphasizes the allegorical meaning of the entire painting, vanitas (emptiness). (4) Because of the role of clocks in guiding human life in an orderly way, before the invention of the gear clock, the hourglass became an object of temperance (A. Lorenzetti). …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "vanitas" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…また個々のタブローにしてもヤン・ブリューゲルの〈五感〉や〈四季〉のアレゴリー,ヨルダーンスの〈豊穣〉,ブーエの〈時に対する希望,愛,美の勝利〉といった地上的価値を賛美し,幸福な生活感情に支えられた寓意画が栄える。他面,プロテスタント国オランダでは,P.クラースの《頭蓋骨のある静物》(1630)に見られるように,卓上の時計,煙るランプ,頭蓋骨などによる〈死を記憶せよ〉の教訓,J.M.モレナールの《婦人の世界》の,召使に頭をとかさせる行為,頭蓋骨,シャボン玉などによる〈虚栄(ウァニタスvanitas)〉の戒めなど,中世にシリーズで描かれた罪源のテーマがいまや教訓画のための独立した主題となる。このほか,スペインのベラスケスの《織女たち》のように,壁にかけられた画中画的存在のタピスリーによって,技術に対する絵画芸術の勝利という主題の寓意性を暗喩する手法も愛好された。…

【死】より

…さらに14~15世紀を通じて,〈アルス・モリエンディ(往生術,死者の心得)〉が広まり,このテキストにつけられた版画には,死者の魂を奪い合う天使と悪魔や,天国および地獄の光景がリアルに描かれている。15~16世紀のドイツには,若い美女の化粧の最中に死が現れる,いわゆる〈ウァニタスvanitas(はかなさ)〉の図像が流行した。この中で最も特徴的な例として,高位にある人物の墓に,その故人の死体の腐食と崩壊のありさまをリアルに表現する〈トランジtransi〉の図像がある。…

【砂時計】より

…(2)骸骨姿の死者が生者を襲う〈死の勝利〉の図像で,〈死〉は大鎌ないし矢とともに,砂時計をもつ(ウィーリクス)。(3)17世紀オランダの静物画では,卓上の楽器,本,手さげかばん,そして〈メメント・モリ(死を記憶せよ)〉の象徴である頭蓋骨とともに,砂時計は画面全体の寓意的意味〈ウアニタスvanitas(虚しさ)〉を強調する道具となる。(4)時計は人間の生活を規則正しく導くという役割から,歯車時計の発明以前は,砂時計が〈節制〉の持物となった(A.ロレンツェッティ)。…

※「vanitas」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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