...The northern salamander, Salamandrella keyserlingi , which lives in the marshes of eastern Hokkaido, is a species that is widely distributed from Sakhalin to Siberia and northeastern China, and has four digits on its hind legs. The Ambystomatidae, which are distributed in the Americas, are morphologically not very different from the Salamanderidae, but the Plethodontidae includes a wide variety of species in both morphology and ecology, such as the Texas blind salamander, Typhlomolge rathbuni , which has external gills and lives in underground caves, and the Batrachoseps genus, which hides by coiling up its elongated body with degenerated limbs. Salamanders are generally slow to move, and there has been little evidence of adaptation and radiation to the environment. ... From [Neoteny]...In other words, the native species is in a larval or neotenic form, and when thyroid hormone is added to it, metamorphosis occurs. There are many species of salamanders and newts (caudelas) that have gills for life and exhibit a larval form (all from North America, such as the Texas ground newt Typhlomolge rathbuni , the mud puppy Necturus , and the amphiuma Amphiuma means , which has gills inside its body). These can also be interpreted as fixed neotenic forms. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Typhlomolge rathbuni" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…北海道東部の湿原に生息するキタサンショウウオSalamandrella keyserlingiは,サハリンからシベリア,中国東北に広く分布する種で,後肢の指が4本。アメリカ大陸に分布するアンビストマ科は形態的にサンショウウオ科と大差ないが,プレソドン科には,外鰓(がいさい)をもち洞窟の地下水中にすむテキサスメクラサンショウウオTyphlomolge rathbuniや,四肢が退化した細長い体をコイル状に巻いて隠れるホソサンショウウオ属Batrachosepsなど,形態,生態ともに変異に富んだものが含まれる。 サンショウウオは一般に行動がにぶく,環境への適応放散の広がりはあまり見られない。… 【ネオテニー】より…つまり原産地のものは幼生形すなわちネオテニー形であり,これに甲状腺ホルモンを補給すると変態が起こる。サンショウウオおよびイモリの仲間(有尾両生類)には終生えらをもつなど幼生的な形態を示す種がいろいろある(いずれも北アメリカ産でテキサスホライモリTyphlomolge rathbuni,マッドパピーNecturus,えらを体内にもつアンヒューマAmphiuma means)。これらはネオテニー形が固定したものと解釈することもできる。… ※「Typhlomolge rathbuni」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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