lauda

Japanese: lauda

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[Before the Renaissance]
The origin of Italian drama is said to be the lauda (songs praising God) that were sung and performed mainly in central Italy from the 12th to the 13th century, but this does not necessarily mean that it is the origin of drama as well as oratorio and opera. The composers and performers of these lauda were mainly clergymen belonging to a religious organization called the "Brotherhood."

From [Christian Music]

...However, there were works such as the polyphonic Mass composed by the French poet and musician Machaut (a polyphonic composition of the ordinary text of the Mass for all voices), and religious songs with vernacular lyrics, such as the lauda (Italian) and carol (English), also began to flourish. The 15th and 16th centuries were a time when works of choral polyphony, such as the mass and motet, reached unparalleled artistic heights with the perfection of classical counterpoint composition techniques in the Renaissance.

From [Hymn]

...As Christianity took root north of the Alps, hymns in Nordic languages began to appear. Examples include the medieval German Leise and Nordic Christmas carols, as well as the Italian lauda and the Portuguese and Spanish cantiga. The Reformation of the 16th century brought a new dimension to the history of hymns, and there was a dramatic development of hymns in each country's own language, such as the German chorale, Calvinist and English psalms, which maintained some connection to Catholic liturgical music.

From [Medieval Music]

...There were also trovatore in Italy, and Dante and others were apparently influenced by them, but their music has not been passed down. In the 13th century, lauda (praise), a simple religious song in vulgar language, was created in central Italy, which was linked to the religious movement of Francis of Assisi, and cantiga (songs) were created in Spain at the same time. These non-liturgical religious songs were closely related in form to virelai (villancico in Spain), a form of simple secular song, and were used for collective religious acts (such as penitential asceticism) by the faithful outside the church. ...

*Some of the terminology that mentions "lauda" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…
［ルネサンス以前］
　イタリア演劇の発生的形態は，12世紀から13世紀にかけて中部イタリアを中心に歌われたり，演じられたラウダlauda(神をたたえる歌)であるとされているが，それはかならずしも演劇ばかりではなく，オラトリオやオペラの起源でもある。このラウダの作者や演じ手は，主として〈兄弟団〉といわれる宗教組織に属する聖職者たちであった。…

【キリスト教音楽】より

…しかし，フランスの詩人･音楽家マショーによるポリフォニックな通作ミサ曲(ミサ通常文を一貫して多声部の楽曲に作出したもの。ミサ曲)をはじめとする諸作品があり，また俗語を歌詞とする宗教的な歌曲ラウダlauda(イタリア)やキャロルcarol(イギリス)なども隆盛に向かった。　15～16世紀は，ルネサンスの古典対位法の作曲技法の完成によって，ミサ曲やモテットなどの合唱ポリフォニーの作品が，比類のない芸術的な高みに達した時代である。…

【賛美歌】より

…やがてキリスト教はアルプスの北方に定着し，北欧諸言語による賛美歌が出現する。中世のドイツのライゼLeise，北欧のクリスマス･キャロルをはじめ，イタリアのラウダlauda，ポルトガル，スペインのカンティガcantigaなどが隆盛をみた。　16世紀の宗教改革は賛美歌史上に新たな局面をもたらし，とくにドイツのコラール，カルバン派やイギリスの詩篇歌など，カトリック典礼音楽となんらかのかかわりを保ちつつも，自国語による各国各派固有の賛美歌が飛躍的な進展をみた。…

【中世音楽】より

…イタリアにもトロバトーレがいて，ダンテらもその影響を受けたらしいが，彼らの音楽は伝わっていない。13世紀には，アッシジのフランチェスコの宗教運動と結び付いた，俗語による単旋律宗教歌ラウダlauda(賛美)が中部イタリアで作られ，同じ頃スペインでは，カンティガcantiga(歌)が作られた。これらの非典礼的宗教歌は，形式的には単旋律世俗歌の一形式であるビルレーvirelai(スペインではビリャンシーコvillancico)と深いかかわりをもち，聖堂外での信徒の集団的な宗教行為(悔悛の苦行など)に用いられた。…

※「lauda」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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