Toll - Toll

Japanese: 関銭 - せきせん
Toll - Toll

Tolls for passing through checkpoints on various modes of transportation from the Heian to Sengoku periods. Also called sekimai or sekichin. The reason for building checkpoints and collecting tolls comes from fees for using transportation routes, bridges, port facilities, and ferries, as well as repair and construction fees and guard fees for the public security police. In the Kamakura period, the profits from the development of transportation increased greatly, and as a result, the Imperial Court sometimes donated the tolls as construction fees for temples and shrines, and the tolls became a private interest. In the Muromachi and Sengoku periods, not only the Imperial Court and the Shogunate, but even local feudal lords and village heads of state built new checkpoints to collect tolls. The new barrier built at the seven entrances to Kyoto by Hino Tomiko of the eighth shogun of the Muromachi shogunate, Ashikaga Yoshimasa, as a tax office for repairing the Imperial Palace is particularly famous. The name of the barrier fee was called Tsuryo, Yamate, Kawate, Kansen, etc. depending on the place where it was collected, and depending on the purpose of the collection it was called Watashichin, Heishimai, Shomai (measure of rice), Hobetsusen, etc. depending on the object.

[Haruko Wakita]

[Reference item] | Tsuryo

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

平安時代から戦国時代の交通諸機関における関所の通過料。関米(せきまい)、関賃(せきちん)ともいう。関所を建てて関銭を徴収することは、交通路、橋、港湾設備、渡船などの使用料、修築料、造営費、また治安警察などの警固料に由来する。鎌倉期には交通の発展から、その得分(とくぶん)(収益)が多大となり、その結果、関銭を寺社の造営料所(りょうしょ)などとして朝廷が寄進することもあり、関銭は利権化していった。室町・戦国期には朝廷・幕府のみならず、土地の領主・村の惣中(そうちゅう)まで関銭の取得のために新関を建てるに至った。室町幕府8代将軍足利義政(あしかがよしまさ)の室日野富子(ひのとみこ)が、内裏修理(だいりしゅり)料所として京都七口(ななくち)に建てた新関はとくに有名である。なお関所料の名称は、徴収の場所から津料(つりょう)、山手(やまて)、河手、関銭などとよばれたり、徴収の目的によって渡賃(わたしちん)、兵士米(へいしまい)、また方法によって升米(しょうまい)、帆別(ほべつ)銭、対象によって荷役高納などと称された。

[脇田晴子]

[参照項目] | 津料

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