Ancient Mazaca, Roman Caesarea. Located in central Turkey, on a plain at an altitude of 1043m, at the foot of the volcano Erciyaz (3916m). Capital of the prefecture of the same name. It was the site of the royal palace of Cappadocian kings since ancient times, but became the capital of the Roman province of Cappadocia around the 1st century. It was occupied by the Seljuk Turks around 1080, and after passing through Mongol and Turkmen rule, it became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1397. However, it was invaded by Timur, Egypt, and Syria, and was once again confirmed as part of the Ottoman Empire in 1515. It contains a citadel dating back to Roman times and a 13th century mosque. It is an important distribution center for agricultural products, but has also been rapidly industrialized, especially in sugar, cement, textiles, and aircraft equipment. It is also a center of goldsmithing and carpet manufacturing. It is connected to Ankara and Istanbul by air, and to Anatolian cities by rail and road. Population: 421,362 (1990). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
古代のマザカ,ローマ時代のカエサレア。トルコ中央部,エルジヤス火山 (3916m) 山麓,標高 1043mの平原に位置する。同名県の県都。古くからカッパドキア諸王の王宮の地であったが,1世紀頃ローマのカッパドキア属州の首都となった。 1080年頃セルジューク・トルコに占領され,モンゴル,トルクメンの支配を経て,1397年オスマン帝国領となった。しかし,チムールやエジプト,シリアに侵略され,1515年再びオスマン帝国領に確定した。ローマ時代にさかのぼる城塞や,13世紀のモスクなどが現存する。重要な農産物の集散地であるが,急速な工業化が行われ,特に砂糖,セメント,織物,航空機備品などが製造されている。なお,金細工や絨毯製造の中心地でもある。アンカラとイスタンブールとは空路で,アナトリア諸都市とは鉄道や道路で結ばれている。人口 42万 1362 (1990) 。
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