... The first case report of behavior therapy was published in 1912 by Russian doctor VM Bekhterev, who used conditioned reflex techniques to cure a patient with hysterical deafness, which was difficult to treat with psychiatric methods. However, the seeds of behavior therapy practice can be seen in JMG Itard's education of the Wild Boys of Aveyron (1799), A. Maconochie's token economy educational system for prisoners on Norfolk Island (1837), and AMSullivan's therapeutic education of Helen Keller (1887). After going through this history, behavior therapy began to emerge in the 1960s. The reasons for this are thought to be: (1) the causal variables considered in the psychotherapy model that had been centered on psychoanalysis up until then were internal phenomena that were difficult to measure, and therefore did not allow for objective operational research; (2) a mountain of data was accumulating showing that the clinical outcomes of therapies based on the psychodynamic process were poor; and (3) the behavioral theory model breathed fresh air into the methodology of psychotherapy, leading to significant progress in follow-up studies of the effects of treatment, comparative studies of treatments, and reviews of treatment theories. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Maconochie, A." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… ロシアのベフテレフV.M.Bekhterevが精神医学的方法では治療困難であったヒステリー性聾の1患者を条件反射技法で全治させたとの症例報告(1912)が行動療法の最初である。しかし行動療法的実践の萌芽は,イタールJ.M.G.Itardによる〈アベロンの野生児〉の教育(1799),マコノキーA.Maconochieがノーフォーク島の受刑者に実施したトークン・エコノミーによる教育刑制度(1837),サリバンA.M.Sullivanによるヘレン・ケラーの治療教育(1887)などに認めることができる。このような歴史を経て行動療法は1960年代から勃興したが,その理由として考えられることは,(1)それまでの精神分析を中心とした心理療法モデルで考えられてきた原因的変数は,測定しがたい内的現象であって,客観的操作的研究ができないこと,(2)その心理力動過程をもとにした治療法の臨床成績が不良とのデータが山積したこと,(3)行動理論モデルによって心理治療の方法論に新風が吹きこまれ,治療効果の追跡研究,治療法の比較研究,治療論などの見直しが大きく進んだことなどがあげられる。… ※「Maconochie,A.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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