…These three functions existed throughout Western Europe since the early Middle Ages, but with the establishment of medieval cities from the 11th century onwards, they were combined into the three functions that cities themselves possessed. In other words, the common characteristics that define the appearance of medieval cities are that they were surrounded by city walls for defense, had a church as a religious center, and had a market square adjacent to it. In addition, by accumulating various privileges, medieval cities formed special legal territories with their own autonomy, called "city laws," within feudal society, and the overall city administration was managed independently by the city council system. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Marktplatz" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…この三つは西ヨーロッパの全域にすでに初期中世から存在したものであるが,それが11世紀以降の中世都市の成立により,都市そのものが具備する3機能として合体したと考えてよい。すなわち防備のために市壁をめぐらし,宗教の中心として教会をもち,それに接して市場広場Marktplatzをもつというのが,中世都市の外観を示す共通の特色である。 しかしそれに加えて中世都市は,各種の特権を集積することによって,封建社会の中でそれぞれの〈都市法〉という独自の自治権をもつ特殊法域を形成し,市政の全般は市参事会制度により自主的に運営された。… ※「Marktplatz」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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