... From the end of the 11th century in southern France, they were called troubadours, and from the end of the 12th century in northern France, they were called troubadours. They were poets and composers who belonged to the privileged classes such as lords, nobles, and knights. Secular songs in secular languages were artistically flowering, but the menestrels, unlike the traveling entertainers called jongleurs, were employed by certain patrons such as feudal lords and nobles to play their favorite instruments and sing and accompany the works of troubadours and trouberts at their castles. They were also called menestriers (now ménétrier) from the mid-13th century, and this name became common in the 14th century. It is almost impossible to know the details of the menestrels and menétriers today, but there are records that in the 14th century, a professional musicians' association called ménestrandaise was organized, centered around the menétriers, and that regular meetings were held and schools for music education were established. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "ménétrier" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 11世紀末から南フランスでトルバドゥール,12世紀末からは北フランスでもトルベールと呼ばれ,おもに領主,貴族,騎士などの特権階級に属する詩人兼作曲家たちによって,世俗語による単旋律世俗歌曲がその芸術的開花をみたが,メネストレルは,放浪芸人ジョングルールとは異なり,封建領主,貴族などの一定のパトロンに雇われ,彼らの城館でおのおの得意な楽器を演奏したり,トルバドゥールやトルベールの作品を歌ったり,伴奏したりする人々を指した。彼らは13世紀中ごろからメネトリエmenestrier(現,ménétrier)とも呼ばれ,14世紀に入るとこの呼名が一般化した。メネストレルやメネトリエの実態について今日詳細に知ることはほとんど不可能であるが,14世紀にはメネトリエを中心とした職業音楽家の組合メネストランデーズménestrandaiseが組織され,また定期的な集会が開かれたり,音楽教育を目的とした学校が設立されたという記録がある。… ※「ménétrier」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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