monitorial system

…In the early modern period, the number of independent educational facilities increased with the development of cities, but especially from the second half of the 18th century onwards, the progress of the Industrial Revolution doubled the need for such facilities, and new schools were built all over the country to educate the children of the lower classes. The general educational method at that time was the so-called monitorial system, in which all the students were accommodated in one large room, and under the supervision of one teacher, older students acted as assistant teachers and supervised groups of students. This system had been used for a long time in public schools in England, etc., because it had the advantage of being able to teach multiple subjects at the same time, but from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century, it was systematized mainly from an economic perspective, and there were even attempts to teach hundreds of students at once. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "monitorial system" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…近世以後は，都市の発達とともに，独立した専用の教育施設が多くなるが，特に18世紀後半以降，産業革命の進展がその必要を倍加し，大量の下層市民子弟の教育のための学校が各地に新しく造られるようになった。　当時の一般的な教育方式はいわゆる〈モニトリアル･システムmonitorial system〉とよばれるもので，全校生徒を一つの大部屋に収容し，1人の教師の指導のもとに，年長の生徒たちが助教monitorとしてグループ別に監督する方式であった。これは，同時に複数の教科指導ができるという利点もあって，イギリスのパブリック･スクールなどでは古くから行われていたものであるが，18世紀末から19世紀初めにかけて，主として経済的観点から体系化され，一時に数百人もの生徒を指導するという試みまで現れた。…

※「monitorial system」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報