nous

Japanese: nous
nous

...It is only possible that humans know other things, that is, know the forms of other things, because it is based on such correspondences and similarities. According to him, each celestial body continues its eternal motion in longing for the eternal God, the "unmoved mover," the nous that sustains eternal thought activity. Creatures on earth also long for divine eternity, and strive to realize eternity by giving birth to individuals of the same kind as themselves.

From the Heart

…That is, it was also used to refer to the subject of entirely rational mental activity, as distinct from sensuous functions such as sensation, desire, and passion. In this sense, psyche is close to nous, which means reason, and its Latin equivalent is mens or animus. This second type of view of the soul is typically expressed in Plato's dialogues, where the immortality of the rational soul is the subject of serious philosophical debate. …

From [Spirit]

…Mental illness [Tadao Miyamoto]
[Changes in the concept of "spirit" in the history of philosophy]
Even when we look at Western philosophy alone, there are many different ways of thinking about the "spirit." Even within the so-called idealism that sees the spirit as the ultimate reality, there are those who see the spirit (nous) as a spiritual entity that is omnipresent in the universe, such as Anaxagoras, who sees the spirit (nous) as a blending principle of the world's original substance, the Holy Spirit and Holy Ghost, who see the Holy Spirit and Holy Ghost as the omnipresent breath of God (pneuma), and Plotinus, who sees wisdom (nous) as the second most real entity after the One (th-hen). There are also those who see the individual consciousness that perceives as the ultimate principle, such as modern idealist philosophy. In any case, however, the spirit is considered to belong to or to be connected to a supernatural order.

From [Reason]

…The German word Vernunft was translated as “wisdom” by Nishi Amane in 1870, “reason” or “douri” by Ariga Nagao in 1885, and “reason” by Seino Tsutomu in 1896. The Latin word ratio was translated as “reason” by Kuwaki Gen’yoku in the 1890s, and the Greek word nous was translated as “universal wisdom” in 1881, “spirit” in the 1890s, and then as “reason” at the end of the 1900s. The translation of “rational” has been “rational” since 1881. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "nous" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…人間が他のものを知る,すなわち他のものの形相を知るのは,こうした対応,類似を基礎にしているからとしか考えられまい。また彼によれば,それぞれの天体は〈不動の動者〉である永遠なる神,永遠の思惟活動を持続するヌースnousである神にあこがれて永遠の運動を続けている。地上の生物もやはり神的な永遠にあこがれ,自分と同種の個体を生みおとしながら永遠性の実現にいそしむ。…

【心】より

…すなわち,感覚,欲望,情念のような感性的機能とは異なる,まったく理性的な精神作用の主体を指す言葉としてもこれが用いられた。この意味のプシュケーは理性を表すヌースnousに近く,ラテン語でこれに対応するのはメンスmensあるいはアニムスanimusである。プラトンの諸対話編にはこの第2の型の霊魂観が典型的に表現されており,理性的な霊魂の不滅が真剣な哲学的議論の主題になっている。…

【精神】より

…精神病【宮本 忠雄】
【哲学史における〈精神〉概念の変遷】
 西洋哲学だけをとってみても,〈精神〉について実に多様な考え方がある。精神を究極の実在と見るいわゆる唯心論spiritualismにも,精神(ヌースnous)を世界原質である種子(スペルマタspermata)の混合原理と考える古代のアナクサゴラスや,聖霊Holy Spirit,Holy Ghostを遍在する神の息吹き(プネウマpneuma)と見る新約聖書,叡智(ヌース)を一者(ト・ヘン)に次ぐ実在と見るプロティノスなどのように精神を宇宙に遍在する霊的存在と考え,人間の精神や魂,霊をその一部と見る立場もあれば,近代の観念論哲学のように,認識する個体的意識を究極の原理と見る立場もある。しかし,いずれにせよ,精神は超自然的秩序に属するか,あるいはそれにつながるものと考えられている。…

【理性】より

…ドイツ語のVernunftには1870年西周が〈智〉,85年に有賀長雄が〈理〉〈道理〉,96年には清野勉が〈理性〉を当てた。ラテン語のratioは明治30年代に桑木厳翼が〈理性〉と訳し,ギリシア語のnousは1881年の〈万有叡智〉,明治30年代の〈心霊〉の訳語のあと,明治40年代の末に〈理性〉と訳された。なおrationalの訳は1881年以来〈合理的〉である。…

※「nous」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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