…In Greece, where physical education was considered to be an essential part of the education of young people, along with the arts and sciences such as music, literature, and philosophy, the gymnasium eventually developed into a comprehensive educational facility. It contained facilities such as changing rooms, baths, storerooms, classrooms, lecture halls, and a stoa (a multipurpose hall). The track for running (dromos) was developed into a stadium, and the wrestling practice ground became a palaistra. Plato's Academy (Athens) was one such gymnasium. … From [Physical Education]…The youth of the polis (city-state) received education in reading, writing, arithmetic, music and literature, and gymnastikē (physical education), which also included festival events. The place where physical education was practiced was called the palaistra, and was often attached to the gymnasium where the general public practiced sports. During this period, Socrates emphasized the training of the body, saying that all young people should not be inferior to Olympic athletes, and Plato, contrasting physical education with medicine, said that physical education is techne (technique) that aims to recover from the negative state of the body (i.e., illness, etc.) (Gorgias). *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "palaistra" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…体育を,音楽や文学,哲学などの芸術や学問と共に青少年の教育に欠かせないものと考えていたギリシアでは,やがてギュムナシオンを総合的な教育施設として発展させた。その中には更衣室,浴室,倉庫や,教室,講演会場や,多目的ホールとしてのストア(柱廊)などの施設が建てられ,競走のための走路(ドロモス)はスタディオンとして整備され,レスリングの練習場はパライストラpalaistraになった。プラトンのアカデメイア(アテナイ)はこのようなギュムナシオンの一つである。… 【体育】より…また,ポリス(都市国家)の青少年は読み書き,算数とムシケmousikē(音楽や文芸),ギュムナスティケgymnastikē(体育)の教育を受けたが,そこでも祭典競技の種目が採用された。体育の実習をする場所はパライストラpalaistraといわれ,一般の人がスポーツを行うギュムナシオンgymnasionと併設されることが多かった。この時代にソクラテスは,すべての青年がオリンピック出場者に劣ってはならないとして身体の鍛練を強調し,プラトンは体育と医術を対比して,体育は身体の善の否定態(つまり病気など)からの回復をはかるテクネ(技術)である,と述べている(《ゴルギアス》)。… ※「palaistra」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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