Functional localization

Japanese: 機能局在 - きのうきょくざい(英語表記)functional localization
Functional localization
The human cerebral cortex is covered with irregular wrinkles and appears to the naked eye to be a uniform structure. However, since the discovery of the motor speech area by P. Broca (1861), differences in function depending on the location have become clear. This is called functional localization of the brain. Historically, however, there has been a persistent counterargument from holism, which argues that the brain works as a whole and cannot be thought of as a mosaic of various functional centers, and the conflict with localization theory has lingered to this day. The first method for studying functional localization is clinical neuropsychology, which involves inferring the function of a certain area from the symptoms of patients with lesions localized to the brain.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
ヒトの大脳皮質は不規則なしわに覆われて,肉眼的には一様の構造のように見える。しかしブローカP.Brocaによる運動性言語野の発見(1861)以来,場所による機能の違いが明らかになった。これを脳の機能局在という。しかし歴史的にみると,脳は全体として働くのであって,いろいろな機能中枢のモザイクとは考えられないという全体論の根強い反論があり,局在論との対立は現在まで尾を引いている。 機能局在を研究する第1の方法は臨床神経心理学で,脳に限局した病変のある患者の症状から,ある場所の機能を推定する方法である。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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