The nebula is located about 5 degrees south of the central three stars of Orion, and is the middle object of a small triad of stars. Objects usually appear as a point, but this object appears blurry and smoky to the naked eye, and appears large and spread out in a small telescope. If you take a photo of it with a medium or larger telescope, you can see that it spreads out over a degree, like a bird with its wings spread out. The distance to this nebula is about 450 parsecs, and its actual radius is about 4 parsecs. Cloud-like objects include galaxies such as the Andromeda Galaxy, but galaxies are made up of many stars that overlap and appear cloud-like. In the case of the Orion Nebula, the gas that spreads throughout the galaxy shines due to the ultraviolet rays emitted by the hot star at the center. Nebulae that shine in this way are called diffuse nebulae, or gaseous nebulae or emission nebulae. The Orion Nebula is the closest diffuse nebula to the solar system, and due to the relatively high density of gas within the nebula it shines brightly, making it the brightest nebula in the entire sky. When the spectrum of the Orion Nebula is taken, not only are there lines from hydrogen atoms, but also strong forbidden lines from atoms such as oxygen and nitrogen. These forbidden lines are unique because the density of the nebula is very low. The abundance ratio of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms is almost equal to that of the Sun, making it a representative example of a young celestial body of Population I. Radio observations in the direction of the Orion Nebula also show emission lines from various molecules emitted by low-temperature gas. A relatively dense, low-temperature molecular cloud is adjacent to the rear of the nebula, where new stars are beginning to be born. One of the sites where stars are being born has been observed as an infrared source at 70K, and the other at 700K. The molecular cloud contains a large amount of interstellar dust, and much of it has been seen to have flowed into the Orion Nebula. This interstellar dust weakens the light of the stars in the nebula and reflects the light from the stars. The scattered light caused by this reflection accounts for about 1% of the total brightness, and it can also be called a reflection nebula. The star at the center of the Orion Nebula is a hot star with a temperature of about 50,000 K, which ionizes the gas throughout the nebula, rapidly increasing the gas pressure. It is thought that this causes the molecular cloud behind it to be pushed toward a higher density gas cloud, which then leads to the birth of stars. The Orion Nebula itself is a young celestial body, about 10,000 to 100,000 years old. [Shuzo Isobe May 19, 2015] [References] | |A diffuse nebula (emission nebula) in Orion. NGC1976 (M42). It looks like a bird with its wings spread. The bird's head is NGC1982 (M43). ©National Astronomical Observatory of Japan "> Orion Nebula ©Akira Fujii "> Orion Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
オリオン座中央の三つ星の南、約5度角のところにある小三つ星の真ん中の天体。通常、天体は点状に見えるが、この天体は肉眼ではぼんやりと潤んで見え、小さな望遠鏡では大きく広がって見える。中口径以上の望遠鏡で写真を撮ると、鳥がはねを広げたような形で1度角余りにも広がっているのがわかる。この星雲までの距離は約450パーセクあり、その実半径は約4パーセクもある。 雲状に見える天体には、アンドロメダ銀河などの銀河galaxyがあるが、銀河は多くの恒星が集まり、重なり合って雲状に見える。オリオン星雲の場合は、全体に広がったガスが、中心にある高温度の星からの紫外線を受けて輝いている。このようにして輝く星雲を散光星雲とよび、ガス状星雲、発光星雲ともよぶ。 オリオン星雲は太陽系にもっとも近い散光星雲であり、また星雲内のガスの密度が比較的高いので明るく輝き、全天でもっとも明るい星雲である。 オリオン星雲のスペクトルを撮ると、水素原子による線スペクトルばかりでなく、酸素や窒素などの原子による禁制線が強い輝線として見られる。このような禁制線は星雲の密度が非常に低いためにおこる特殊なものである。水素、ヘリウム、酸素、窒素などの原子の存在比は太陽の原子の存在比とほぼ等しく、種族Ⅰの若々しい天体の代表例になっている。また、オリオン星雲の方向を電波観測すると、低温のガスが放射する各種の分子からの輝線も見られる。そして星雲の後方に接して、密度が比較的高い低温の分子雲が存在しており、そこで新しい星の誕生が始まっている。その星が生まれつつある場所の一つは70Kの、もう一つは700Kの赤外線源として観測されている。分子雲中には星間塵(じん)が多量に含まれていて、オリオン星雲内に流入したものも多く見られる。この星間塵が星雲内の星の光を弱めたり、星からの光を反射したりする。この反射による散乱光は全体の明るさの1%程度あり、反射星雲とよぶこともできる。 オリオン星雲の中心にある星は約5万Kの高温の星で、星雲全体のガスを電離し、ガス圧を急激に強くしている。そのため後方の分子雲が押し付けられて、より高密度のガス雲になり、星の誕生へと進んでいくと考えられている。オリオン星雲自体も1万年から10万年程度の若々しい天体である。 [磯部琇三 2015年5月19日] [参照項目] | |オリオン座にある散光星雲(発光星雲)。NGC1976(M42)。鳥が翼を広げたような形にみえる。鳥の頭にあたる部分がNGC1982(M43)©国立天文台"> オリオン星雲 ©藤井 旭"> オリオン座 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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