Orange (English spelling)

Japanese: オランジュ（英語表記）Orange

A town in the southeastern part of France, Vaucluse department, on the left bank of the Rhône River, about 25 km north of Avignon. It began as a Celtic fortress on the Saint-Eutrope Hill in the south, and became a Roman colony during the time of Emperor Augustus, when many monumental buildings were built. The Capitol, theater, triumphal arch, and ruins of a 3rd century bishop's palace are famous for their prosperity at the time. The amphitheater (1st century) is particularly well-preserved, and its facade is decorated with excavated sculptures, measuring 102m wide and 38m high. In 1981, it was registered as a cultural heritage of the World Heritage Sites along with the Triumphal Arch. A summer theater festival is also held here. During the Great Migration Period, foreign tribes invaded and destroyed the town, and it gradually declined, and in the Middle Ages, a fortress was built using stones from the ruins of ancient buildings. Since the 11th century, it has been under the control of the House of Orange (→House of Orange-Nassau). The House of Orange later produced a king of England (17th century) and is also the ancestor of the current Dutch royal family. In 1660, Louis XIV occupied the town and destroyed the fortifications, and in 1713, the town was annexed to France by the Treaty of Utrecht. In the 18th century, it became famous for its Orange tiles. It is a distribution center for fruit and other agricultural products from the surrounding area. Food industry and shoe manufacturing are also carried out, but tourism is the most important industry. Population: 28,136 (1990).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

フランス南東部，ボークリューズ県，ローヌ川左岸平野，アビニョンの北約 25kmにある町。南部のサントゥートロープ丘上にケルト人の要塞が築かれたのが始まりで，ローマのアウグスツス帝の時代にその植民地となり，多くの記念建築が建てられた。カピトル神殿，劇場，凱旋門，3世紀の司教館の遺跡などは当時の繁栄を伝えていることで有名。特に保存のよさで知られる円形劇場 (1世紀) は正面が出土品の彫刻で飾られ，幅 102m，高さ 38m。 1981年凱旋門とともに世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。夏季演劇祭も催される。民族大移動時代に異民族が侵入し，町を破壊してからしだいに衰微し，中世には古代建築の廃墟の石材を用いて要塞が建設された。 11世紀以降オランジュ家 (→オランニェ＝ナッサウ家 ) 領。オランジュ家はのちにイングランド王を出し (17世紀) ，現オランダ王家の祖先ともなった。 1660年ルイ 14世が町を占拠して要塞を破壊し，1713年ユトレヒト条約でフランスに帰属した。 18世紀にはオランジュ・タイルで有名になった。周辺の果物，促成農産物の集散地。食品工業，靴製造も行なわれるが，観光産業が最も重要。人口2万 8136 (1990) 。

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