…It is translated as a community or a basic society, but from the word's structure it means "something in common or in common," and is often used in this sense. In Tönnies' book Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (1887), it was made the fundamental concept of pure sociology, contrasting it with Gesellschaft (translated as interest society or derived society). Tönnies defined sociology as the study of collective forms, relational images, norms, and values in human communal life, but he distinguished between real and natural essential will (Wesenwille) and conceptual and artificial choice will (Kürwille), and established a group typology of the former called Gemeinschaft and the latter called Gesellschaft. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Gesellschaft" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…共同社会あるいは基礎社会と訳されるが,語の構成からは〈共通あるいは共同していること〉で,この意味で使われることも多い。テンニースの著書《ゲマインシャフトとゲゼルシャフトGemeinschaft und Gesellschaft》(1887)でゲゼルシャフトGesellschaft(利益社会あるいは派生社会と訳される)と対比しつつ,純粋社会学の根本概念とされた。テンニースは人間の共同生活における集合形式,関係形象,規範,価値の研究を社会学としたが,実在的・自然的な本質意思Wesenwilleと観念的・作為的な選択意思Kürwilleとを区別し,前者にゲマインシャフト,後者にゲゼルシャフトという集団類型をたてた。… ※「Gesellschaft」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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