pigmentarius

Japanese: pigmentarius

...This is a system that clearly defines the division of responsibilities between doctors and pharmacists, with doctors taking responsibility for diagnosing patients and issuing appropriate prescriptions, and pharmacists preparing medicines without error based on the prescription and dispensing them to patients. In Europe, the seeds of differentiation of medicine were seen early on, and in documents from the 6th century there are already descriptions of "doctors prescribing and pigmentarius (a drug dealer thought to be the predecessor of pharmacists) dispensing." However, it took many years for the system of medical and pharmaceutical separation to spread throughout Europe.

From [Pharmacy]

…
[History of Pharmacy]
If we trace the history of the establishment of pharmacology, its origins can be found in the Greek "prescribing physicians." In an era when medicine and medicine were still undifferentiated, Greek and Roman physicians, who were called "prescribing physicians" by later pharmaceutical historians, both made diagnoses and dispensed medicines, but eventually there was a trend to entrust the manual work of "preparing medicines" necessary for treatment to drug dealers (pigmentarius), who handled herbal medicines. A 6th century book on occupations states that "the physician prescribes and the pigmentarius prepares," but this only applies to parts of Europe, and it is said that it was not until the 13th century that the division of labor between medicine and medicine became widespread.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "pigmentarius" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…医療の行為のうち，患者を診断し，適切な処方箋を発行することを医師が責任をもって行い，処方箋に基づいて誤りなく医薬品の調製を薬剤師が行い，患者に交付するという医師･薬剤師の責任分担を明確にした制度をいう。ヨーロッパでは，早くから医薬の分化の萌芽があり，6世紀の文献上にすでに〈医師が処方し，ピグメンタリウスpigmentarius(薬剤師の前身と考えられる薬種商)が調剤する〉との記述が認められる。しかし医薬分業の制度がヨーロッパ全域に広がるのには長い年月を要した。…

【薬学】より

…
［薬学の歴史］
　薬学の成立を歴史的にたどるとすれば，その淵源はギリシア時代の〈調剤医師〉に求められる。医薬未分化の時代に，調剤医師と後世の薬史学者に呼ばれた，〈診断〉もすれば調剤も行ったギリシア･ローマ時代の医師は，やがて治療上必要な〈薬の調製〉という手仕事を，医薬原料である生薬類を扱っていた薬種商(ピグメンタリウスpigmentarius)にゆだねる風潮が起こってきた。6世紀の職業に関する著作に〈医師が処方しピグメンタリウスが調剤する〉という記載があるが，それはヨーロッパの一部のことで，広い範囲で医薬分業が行われたのは13世紀であるといわれている。…

※「pigmentarius」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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