The capital of Omsk Oblast in central Russia. It is a river port city at the point where the Omi River, a tributary of the Irtysh River, flows into the Irtysh River. It is a junction of the Trans-Siberian Railway and has an airport, making it a key transportation hub. It is a large city with a population of 1,157,600 (1999). It has a large petrochemical complex. Raw petroleum has been supplied from oil fields in the middle reaches of the Ob River since 1965. Industries include chemicals (oil refining, carbon black, synthetic rubber, rubber tires, rubber products), machinery manufacturing (motors, tractor and automobile parts, automatic couplers, agricultural machinery, electrical machinery, chemical and light industrial machinery), ship repair, light industry (leather, footwear, furniture, textiles, fur coats, woolen cloth weaving, carpets, sewing), food products (meat, flour milling), and construction materials (bricks, reinforced concrete products). It is also an academic and cultural center, with Omsk State University, colleges and technical colleges (medical, agricultural, craft, veterinary, automotive and road engineering, railway engineering, education, physical education), theaters, museums and art galleries. The city's origins date back to 1716, when it was built on the right bank of the Irtysh River as a border fortress against nomads, and it later became the political and economic center of the region. During the imperial era, it was one of the penal colonies, and the writer Dostoevsky was exiled there from 1850 to 1854. In 1894-95, the Trans-Siberian Railway passed through the city from Chelyabinsk to the Ob River, and in 1913 a branch line was opened to Tyumen. In June 1918, it was occupied by counter-revolutionary forces, and became the capital of the Kolchak regime until November of the following year. [Masatoshi Mikami] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシア連邦中部、オムスク州の州都。イルティシ川に支流オミ川が流入する地点にある河港都市で、シベリア鉄道の分岐点になっており、空港もあって、交通の要地である。人口115万7600(1999)の大都市。大規模な石油化学コンビナートがある。原料石油はオビ川中流域の油田から、1965年以来供給されている。化学(製油、カーボン・ブラック、合成ゴム、ゴムタイヤ、ゴム製品)、機械製造(モーター、トラクターや自動車の部品、自動連結器、農機、電機、化学・軽工業用機)、船舶修理、軽工業(皮革、履き物、家具、繊維、毛皮オーバー、羅紗(らしゃ)織、じゅうたん、縫製)、食料品(精肉、製粉)、建設資材(れんが、鉄筋コンクリート製品)などの工業がある。オムスク総合大学、単科大学および高等専門学校(医、農、工芸、獣医、自動車・道路、鉄道技師、教育、体育)、劇場、博物館、美術館などがあり、学術、文化の中心地でもある。 市の起源は1716年にイルティシ川右岸に建設された遊牧民に対する国境要塞(ようさい)で、その後この地方の政治、経済の中心地となった。帝政時代には流刑地の一つで、1850~54年に作家ドストエフスキーの流刑があった。1894~95年にチェリャビンスクからシベリア鉄道が同市を経てオビ川まで達し、1913年にはチュメニへも支線が通じた。18年6月には反革命軍に占拠され、翌年11月までコルチャーク政権の首都となった。 [三上正利] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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