Also called diapers. A cloth or paper that is placed on an infant's bottom to prevent feces from leaking out. It is used from newborns to around 1 to 1.5 years old. The material should be white so that the color of the feces is easy to see, both to keep it clean and as a guide to the infant's health. Choose a material that is soft to the touch, stretchy, highly absorbent, easy to wash, and quick to dry. Bleached cloth and bird's eye weave are commonly used. Diapers come in rectangular and square shapes. Traditional Japanese-style diapers are usually made by taking six pieces of cloth from one roll of bleached cloth and sewing them into a rectangle about 30 to 34 centimeters wide and 70 centimeters long. After World War II, wide diapers became popular, and they are 80 cm x 80 cm square. There are also rectangular ones that are 60 cm x 120 cm. Diapers should be put on in a way that does not restrict leg movement, is below the navel so as not to put pressure on the baby's abdomen, and is placed at key points so as not to spread the wet area. For regular-width rectangular diapers, the part that goes around the torso should be folded into a triangle, and the central part that goes over the crotch should be folded in half lengthwise, with the front being thicker for boys and the back being thicker for girls. Wide-width diapers are also folded into a triangle, but square diapers can also be folded into a noshi shape. The way diapers are folded and put on can be changed depending on the baby's size, urine volume, and activity level. After a bowel movement, change into a dry one as soon as possible, and it is good to get the baby used to letting you know by feeling uncomfortable when a diaper is wet. About 10 pairs of diapers are needed per day, so 20-30 pairs should be prepared, allowing for changes to wash. Disposable diapers are convenient for going out, traveling, and as disposable items in case of diarrhea. There are diaper rental businesses that cater to people who have housing circumstances that make it difficult to dry diapers and working mothers, and deliver diapers that have been disinfected with chemicals and pressed. Recently, diapers for bedridden elderly people and sick people have become a problem, and because they handle large amounts of excretion, large dobby or wave knit diapers are used. [Toshiko Yamagai and Kazuko Okano] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
おしめともいう。主として乳児の排便が外部に漏れないよう尻(しり)に当てる布や紙をいう。新生児から1~1.5歳ぐらいまで用いる。材料は清潔を保つためと、乳児の健康状態を知る目安として、便の色がわかりやすい白地がよい。肌ざわりが柔らかく、伸縮性があり、吸水性に富んだ地質で、洗いやすく、乾きの早いものを選ぶ。一般には晒(さらし)、バーズ・アイ織などが用いられる。おむつの形には長方形、正方形がある。従来の和式おむつは、普通、晒1反から六つの布をとり、並幅30~34センチメートル、丈70センチメートルぐらいの長方形になるように輪に縫ったものである。第二次世界大戦後は広幅物が普及し、80センチメートル×80センチメートルの正方形。60センチメートル×120センチメートルの長方形のものがある。おむつの当て方は、脚の運動を妨げないように、また乳児の腹部を圧迫しないようへそより下に、ぬれる範囲が広がらないように要所に当てる。並幅長方形のものは、胴に巻く部分を三角形に折り畳み、中央の股(また)に当てる部分は、縦に半幅に折り、男子は前を厚くし、女子は後ろの部分が厚くなるように当てる。広幅ものも三角形に折り畳んで用いるが、正方形のものは、のし形に折って使用することもある。乳児の大きさ、尿量、運動量などによって、おむつの畳み方、当て方を変えるとよい。排便後はなるべく早く乾いたものと交換し、ぬれたときは不快感を覚えて自分から教えるように習慣づけるとよい。おむつは1日に10組ぐらい必要とするので、洗い替え分をみて、20~30組用意する。 紙おむつは外出、旅行用に、また下痢便のときの使い捨て用として便利である。おむつ乾燥に不便な住宅事情のある者や、職業をもつ母親などを対象とした貸しおむつ業があり、薬品消毒、プレス仕上げしたおむつを宅配している。 また、最近では、問題になっている寝たきり老人や病人用のおむつとしては、排泄(はいせつ)量が多いので、ドビー織やウエーブニットの大型のものが用いられる。 [山崖俊子・岡野和子] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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