Caribou - Caribou (English spelling)

Japanese: カリブー - かりぶー(英語表記)caribou
Caribou - Caribou (English spelling)

A mammalian animal of the order Artiodactyla and family Cervidae. It is the name of the North American reindeer, and is thought to be the same species as the European reindeer, but there is also a theory that it is a different species. Five subspecies live in Alaska and Canada, and have long, thick fur adapted to cold climates. They are gregarious and migrate seasonally in large herds. They are diurnal, foraging early in the morning or evening, and rest during the day and at night. They can reach speeds of 60 to 78 kilometers per hour when running. They are also skilled swimmers, with a swimming speed of about 9.6 kilometers per hour. They come into heat in October and November, and males of the subspecies known as the forest caribou gather 12 to 15 females to form a harem. The gestation period is 7.5 to 8 months, and they give birth to one calf between mid-May and early July. The newborn calf is 51 centimeters tall and weighs about 5 kilograms. The largest adult caribou are found in Newfoundland and Labrador, weighing up to 270 kilograms. The average Barren Grounds caribou is 180 centimetres long (males) and 166 centimetres long (females), 110 centimetres tall (males) and 104 centimetres tall (females), weighing 110 kilograms (males) and 80.7 kilograms (females).

[Mitsuko Masui]

Relationship with humans

The word caribou comes from the name of the wild reindeer of the Native Americans of North America, and strictly speaking refers only to the so-called eastern reindeer. In Canada and Alaska, the tundra reindeer is also called by this name, and it is generally understood to be a general term for wild reindeer in the New World. Therefore, it does not apply to domesticated reindeer that were introduced from the Old World in modern times.

For the people of the forest and tundra, caribou were hunted exclusively and were an essential resource for life. In addition to food (they ate not only the meat but also the organs and bone marrow), their fur was used for clothing, bedding, and winter tent covers, and their antlers and bones were processed into various tools and ornaments, making full use of the animal. In particular, the Caribou Inuit who live in the Barren Grounds in northern Canada depended entirely on caribou for their livelihood.

[Kouichi Inoue]

[Reference] | Reindeer

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

哺乳(ほにゅう)綱偶蹄(ぐうてい)目シカ科の動物。北アメリカ産のトナカイの呼び名で、ヨーロッパ産と同種と考えられるが、別種とする説もある。アラスカやカナダなどに5亜種が生息し、寒冷地に適応して体毛は長くて厚い。集合性があり、大群で季節的な移動をする。昼行性で、採食は早朝か夕刻に行い、日中や夜間は休息する。駆けると時速60~78キロメートルのスピードに達する。泳ぎも巧みで、遊泳速度は時速9.6キロメートルぐらいである。発情期は10~11月で、シンリン(森林)カリブーという亜種の雄は、12~15頭の雌を集めハレムをつくる。妊娠期間は7か月半から8か月で、5月中旬から7月初旬に1子を産む。新生子は体高51センチメートル、体重5キログラムほどである。成獣の大きさは、ニューファンドランドやラブラドル地方に産するシンリンカリブーが最大で、体重270キログラムに達する。平均的なバレングラウンズカリブーでは、体長は雄180センチメートル、雌166センチメートル、体高は雄110センチメートル、雌104センチメートル、体重は雄110キログラム、雌80.7キログラムである。

[増井光子]

人間との関係

カリブーという語は北米先住民の野生トナカイの名称に由来し、厳密にはいわゆるシンリントナカイのみをさす。カナダやアラスカではツンドラトナカイもこの名でよぶことがあり、一般には新大陸の野生トナカイの総称と理解されている。したがって、近代になって旧大陸から導入された飼育トナカイには適用されない。

 森林およびツンドラの民にとって、カリブーはもっぱら狩猟の対象であり、また必須(ひっす)の生活資源であった。食料(肉のほかに内臓や骨髄まで食べる)のほかに、毛皮は衣服や寝具、越冬用のテントカバーとなり、角(つの)や骨も各種の道具や装飾品などに加工され、余すところなく利用された。とくにカナダ北部のバレングラウンズBarren Groundsに住むカリブー・イヌイットは、全面的にカリブー依存の生活を送っていた。

[井上紘一]

[参照項目] | トナカイ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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