A brown alga, a member of the Sargassaceae family. Its yellowish-brown color and somewhat stiff, arborescent body branches grow long, covered entirely with slender tubular leaves. Its body length is generally 50-100 cm, but in rare cases it can reach nearly 2 m. Hijiki is an annual alga that grows new shoots in late autumn, flourishes from winter to spring, and declines after late spring. However, the creeping roots that are attached to the rock surface survive into summer and sprout new shoots, making it a perennial alga. It mainly grows in the subtidal zone on rocky reefs in the open sea. As a warm-water seaweed, it is widely distributed in Japan from southern Hokkaido to the southern tip of Kyushu, but it flourishes along the coast of Honshu. The shape of the algae varies slightly between those found along the Pacific coast and those found along the Sea of Japan coast, with those found along the Sea of Japan coast growing slightly slower and the tubular leaves being wider, as if they had been squashed. [Moriaki Shinzaki] FoodDuring the Heian period, it was called Hisukimo or Hijikimo and was edible. Fresh hijiki is available in the spring in the production area, but it is generally sold commercially after being harvested, boiled in fresh water and dried. A distinction is made between hijiki sprouts, which are made by collecting only the small branches that naturally separated from the main branches during processing, and long hijiki, which is mixed with long stems, but in either case, the glossy black ones are of good quality. It contains a large amount of iodine and has higher vitamin A, iron, and calcium content than other seaweeds, making it an important side dish. Rinse thoroughly and soak in water for 20 to 30 minutes to soften, then drain and cook. If it is hard, boil it in hot water and drain before using. It goes particularly well with oil, and when seasoned with sugar or soy sauce, it brings out its delicious flavor along with soybeans, fried tofu, lotus root, carrots, konnyaku, dried shiitake mushrooms, chicken, dried bonito flakes, etc. It can be cooked in combination with the above ingredients, or dressed with shira-ae (a white sauce) or vinegared miso. [Moriaki Shinzaki] This seaweed is widely distributed in Japan and is valued as food. © Underwater Fort Enterprise, Isamu Soyama "> Hijiki ※Instructor: Makoto Yoshizaki © Fukuko Aoki "> Major types of brown algae (1) [specimen illustrations] ©Shogakukan "> Hijiki buds ©Shogakukan "> Long hijiki Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
褐藻植物、ホンダワラ科の海藻。黄褐色を呈し、やや硬い樹枝状の体枝は長く伸び、全面を細長い筒状葉に覆われる。体長は50~100センチメートルが多いが、まれに2メートル近くになるものもある。ヒジキは晩秋に新芽が伸び、冬から春にかけて繁茂期となり、晩春以後は衰退していく一年生藻である。しかし、岩面に固着している匍匐(ほふく)根部は夏季も生き残って、そこから新芽を出すことから、宿根草的多年生藻ともいえる。おもに外海の岩礁上の潮間帯下層に生育する。温海性の海藻のため、日本では北海道南部から九州南端まで広域に分布するが、本州沿岸部でよく繁茂する。また、太平洋沿岸産と日本海沿岸産とでは形状が多少違い、日本海沿岸のものはやや伸長が悪く、筒状葉も押しつぶしたように幅が広くなっている。 [新崎盛敏] 食品平安時代にも比須岐毛(ひずきも)、比支岐毛(ひじきも)とよばれ、食用とされていた。産地では春になま物が入手できるが、一般には採取したヒジキを淡水で煮て素干ししたものが市販されている。加工中に自然に主枝から離れた小枝だけを集めたものを芽ひじき、茎状の長いものが混入したものを長ひじきなどと区別もしているが、いずれも光沢のある黒いものが良質である。多量のヨードを含み、他の海藻よりもビタミンA、鉄、カルシウムの含有量の多いことで副食品として重視されている。よく水洗いして水に20~30分浸して柔らかくもどし、水けをきって調理する。堅い場合には、さらに熱湯でゆがいて水けをきって用いる。とくに油と相性がよく、大豆をはじめ、油揚げ、蓮根(れんこん)、ニンジン、こんにゃく、干ししいたけ、鶏肉、なまり節などとともに、砂糖やしょうゆの味つけでうま味が出る。前記の材料との組合せで炊き合わせたり、白和(しらあ)え、酢みそ和えなどにする。 [新崎盛敏] 日本では分布域の広い海藻で、食品として重視される©水中フォート・エンタープライズ 楚山いさむ"> ヒジキ ※指導:吉崎 誠©青木福子"> 褐藻植物のおもな種類(1)〔標本画〕 ©Shogakukan"> 芽ヒジキ ©Shogakukan"> 長ヒジキ 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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