…In English, it is called populism. It is a political movement with the masses as its support base. Typical examples in Latin America include Mexico's Cardenismo (L. Cardenas), Brazil's Vargismo (GD Vargas), Argentina's Peronismo, Peru's Aprismo (Apra), Bolivia's MNR (National Revolutionary Movement), and Venezuela's AD (Democratic Action Party). These movements share the following characteristics: (1) they have a multi-class support base that includes the workers, middle class, and even some upper classes, (2) they are led by charismatic leaders, (3) they have anti-imperialist and nationalist ideologies, (4) they aim to improve the living standards of the masses through land reform and labor protection policies, but do not aim for fundamental social change, and (5) they distinguish themselves from the Communist Party by emphasizing class harmony over class struggle. … *Some explanations of terms that mention "populism" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…英語ではポピュリズムPopulismという。大衆を支持基盤とした政治運動。ラテン・アメリカではメキシコのカルデニスモ(L.カルデナス),ブラジルのバルギスモ(G.D.バルガス),アルゼンチンのペロニスモ,ペルーのアプリスモ(アプラ),ボリビアのMNR(国民革命運動),ベネズエラのAD(民主行動党)などがその典型例とされる。これらの運動にほぼ共通する特色としては,(1)労働者や中産階級さらに一部の上流階級を含む多階級的な支持基盤をもち,(2)カリスマ的リーダーによって指導され,(3)反帝国主義,民族主義的イデオロギーを有し,(4)農地改革や労働者の保護政策により,大衆の生活水準の向上を企図するが社会の抜本的変革は志向せず,(5)階級闘争よりも階級調和を重視する点で共産党とは一線を画する,といった特質を挙げることができるだろう。… ※「populism」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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