Privateer - Shiryakusen

Japanese: 私掠船 - しりゃくせん

Also known as a chartered privateer. An armed ship that does not belong to a regular fleet, but flies a naval flag under the permission, order, and supervision of the state, captures merchant ships of other countries, and sometimes attacks warships. There are many examples of this in European countries in the 16th and 17th centuries. The most famous example is the privateer fleet led by Drake and Hawkins in England under the reign of Elizabeth I. They were loaned ships by the Queen, and on their orders they attacked Spanish ships, traveled to the Spanish colonies in the West Indies and the Isthmus of Panama, and sometimes attacked ports in Spain itself. There were also similar privateer fleets in France, Russia, and the Netherlands. However, the Declaration of Paris (Declaration to Establish the Principles of Maritime Law) adopted at the Paris Conference to settle the Crimean War in 1856 decided to prohibit privateering.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

特許私船とも。正規の艦隊には属さないが，国家の認可・命令・監督下に海軍旗を掲げ，他国の商船捕獲や時に軍艦襲撃を行う武装船。16―17世紀のヨーロッパ諸国にその例が多い。特に有名なものはエリザベス１世治下の英国におけるドレーク，ホーキンズらの私掠船隊である。彼らは女王から船を貸与され，その命令によりスペイン船を襲撃し，西インド諸島やパナマ地峡のスペイン植民地にまで遠征し，時にはスペイン本国の港を攻撃した。他に仏・露・オランダなどでも同様の私掠船隊があった。しかし1856年クリミア戦争平和処理のパリ会議で採択されたパリ宣言（海上法の要義を確定する宣言）により禁止が決定された。
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