Books and references - Toshobunin

Japanese: 図書･文引 - としょぶんいん

From the 15th century onwards, seals (tosho) and travel permits (bunin) were issued to control traders between Japan and Korea. Tosho was a private copper seal issued by the King of Korea, first made in 1418 (Oei 25). The real name of the Japanese person to whom it was given (the recipient) was engraved on it, and this was then pressed onto a document (shokei) to serve as the envoy's travel permit. Prior to its issuance, the seal was written on paper and kept at the competent government office and in the port as a standard for authenticity. Bunin was an extension of the requirement for trade ships to carry a travel permit (kojoyo), which had previously been required, and was also called roin or sui-ko.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

15世紀以降，日朝通交貿易者の統制上，発給された印(図書)および渡航証(文引)。図書とは，朝鮮国王が発給する銅製の私印のことで，1418年(応永25)に初めて造られた。授けられる日本人(受図書人)の実名が刻まれ，これを文書(書契（しよけい）)に押して使者の渡航証とした。授与に先立ち，あらかじめ印形を紙にとどめ，所轄官庁と浦所に保管して，真偽の基準とした。文引は，従来貿易船に必要とされていた渡航証(行状（こうじよう）)の携行を使船にまで適用したもので，路引（ろいん），吹噓（すいこ）とも称する。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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