...A branch of chemistry that seeks to clarify the quantitative relationship between substances that undergo chemical reactions. Historically, the late 18th century German J. B. Richter (1762-1807) wondered whether chemistry could be reduced to a mathematical system. He investigated the quantitative relationships between the components involved in various chemical reactions, and discovered that equivalent relationships existed. He combined the Greek words stoicheion, meaning basic component, with metrein, meaning measurement, to call it stoichiometry. This idea was passed on to the founders of modern chemistry, with J. L. Proust of France establishing the Law of Definite Proportions (1799), J. Dalton of England establishing the Law of Multiple Proportions (1808), and J. L. Gay-Lussac of France establishing the Law of Gas Reactions (1808), which became the basis for the establishment of modern chemistry based on the concept of atoms and molecules. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Richter, JB" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…化学変化に伴う各物質間の量的変化の関係を明らかにしようとする化学の一分野。歴史的には,18世紀末ドイツのリヒターJ.B.Richter(1762‐1807)が,化学を数学的体系に還元できるのではないかと考え,種々の化学反応にあずかる成分の間の量的関係を調べたところ,当量的関係が成り立つことを見いだし,ギリシア語の基本成分を意味するstoicheionと測定を意味するmetreinを結びつけ,stoichiometryと呼んだのが初めである。この考えは近代化学の創始者たちに引き継がれ,フランスのJ.L.プルーストによって〈定比例の法則〉(1799),イギリスのJ.ドルトンによって〈倍数比例の法則〉(1808),そしてフランスのJ.L.ゲイ・リュサックによって〈気体反応の法則〉(1808)が確立され,原子・分子の概念による近代化学の確立の基礎となった。… ※「Richter,J.B.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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