Right of necessity

Japanese: right of necessity(英語表記)rightofnecessity
Right of necessity

…However, if you break a third party's fence to escape from the dog, you will not be charged with a crime, but you will be liable for damages to the third party under civil law. [Mikito Hayashi]
[International Law]
The right to defend one's country against illegal aggression from a foreign country is called the right of self-defense, but on the other hand, even if the aggression is not illegal, if there is imminent or actual harm to one's country or its citizens and it cannot be avoided by other means, the country may be forced to take defensive action by force, which is called the right of necessity (in English, right of necessity, in German, Notstandrecht), and the illegality of the act is precluded. The requirements and limitations of the right of self-defense are the same as those of the right of self-defense, except that the right of self-defense is premised on illegal aggression by a foreign country, while the right of necessity is against a non-illegal aggression.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "right of necessity" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…だが,その犬から逃げるために第三者の垣根をこわした場合は,犯罪は成立しないが,民事上はその第三者に対して損害賠償責任を負うのである。【林 幹人】
[国際法]
 外国からの違法な侵害に対して自国を防衛する権利を自衛権というが,他方その侵害が違法でない場合でも,自国または自国民に対する急迫または現実の危害があり,他の手段によってそれを避けることができない場合に,やむをえずその国家が実力でもって防衛行動にでることを緊急避難ないし緊急権(英語でright of necessity,ドイツ語でNotstandrecht)といい,その行為の違法性が阻却される。緊急避難の要件と限界は,自衛権が外国の違法な侵害を前提とするものであるのに対し,緊急避難が違法でない侵害に対するものである点を除き,自衛権の場合と同様である。…

※「right of necessity」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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