Lira (English spelling)

Japanese: リラ(英語表記)Lira
Lira (English spelling)
The Italian currency. One lira (abbreviated as L) is divided into 100 centesimi. The lira itself dates back to the 15th century, but the Italian lira is said to have originated in 1816. During this time, the lira evolved into the Turkish lira, the Vatican lira, and others, but the lira generally refers to the Italian lira. The issuing bank has been the Banca d'Italia since June 1926. The IMF parity set in March 1960 was 0.00142187g of pure gold per lira (1 US dollar = 625 lira), but due to the weakness of the Italian economy, the lira has been in a constant state of weakening, and its depreciation against the dollar in the six years since the Smithsonian Agreement was about 33%, the largest among major currencies. After the launch of the European Monetary System (EMS) in 1979, it participated in a 6% wide band until 1990, and since 1991 in a 2.25% narrow band. In September 1992, it left the ERM due to a currency crisis, but returned in 1996. In 1997, a 500,000 lira note featuring a painting by Raphael was issued as the last new banknote issued before joining the monetary union of the European Union (EU). When the euro was introduced in January 1999, the exchange rate was 1 euro = 1936.27 liras.

Lira
Lyra

A type of musical instrument. (1) An ancient Greek plucked string instrument similar to the kithara. It has a sounding box made of tortoise shell with two arms, the tops of which are connected by a crosspiece, and strings are stretched between the sounding box and the crosspiece. In 8th-century BC vase paintings, instruments with 3 to 5 strings are seen, but from the 7th century BC onwards, there were 7 or more strings. Similar instruments are still used today in the Arabian Peninsula, parts of Africa, and Finland. (2) In the Hornbostel-Sachs instrument classification system, it is a member of the lyre family of stringed instruments. Examples include the kithara, lyra, kurus, and lotta of ancient Greece, Mesopotamia, and Egypt. (3) In medieval Europe, the predecessors of the viol and violin families were called the lira da braccio and lira da gamba, and the hurdy-gurdy was called the lyra organizata.

Lira

Please see the "Lilac" page.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
イタリアの通貨単位。1リラ (Lと略称) は 100チェンテシミ centesimi。リラそのものの起源は 15世紀であるが,イタリアリラの起源は 1816年といわれる。この間リラはトルコリラ,バチカンリラなどに分化したが,通常リラと呼ぶときはイタリアリラをさす。発券銀行は 1926年6月以降イタリア銀行 Banca d'Italiaである。 60年3月設定の国際通貨基金 IMF平価は1リラあたり純金 0.00142187g (1米ドル=625リラ) であったが,イタリア経済のもつ弱体性により,リラはほぼ恒常的に弱化傾向にあり,スミソニアン協定以後6年間の対ドル減価率は約 33%で主要国通貨中最大であった。 79年のヨーロッパ通貨制度 EMS発足後から 90年までは6%のワイダーバンドで,91年以降は 2.25%のナローバンドで参加している。 92年9月には,通貨危機のため為替相場メカニズム ERMから離脱したが,96年復帰。 97年にはヨーロッパ連合 EUの通貨統合参加前の最後の新札発行として,ラファエロの絵画をデザインした 50万リラ札が発行された。 99年1月のユーロ導入に際しては1ユーロ=1936.27リラの交換レートとなった。

リラ
lyra

楽器の一種。 (1) キタラに似た古代ギリシアの撥弦楽器。亀甲を利用した共鳴箱から2本の腕木を出し,その上端を横桟で結んで,共鳴箱と横桟の間に弦を張ったもの。前8世紀の壺絵には3~5弦のものがみえるが,前7世紀以降は7弦以上となった。アラビア半島,アフリカの一部,フィンランドなどでは現在も同種の楽器が使われている。 (2) ホルンボステル=ザックス楽器分類法で弦鳴楽器のリラ属。古代ギリシア,メソポタミア,エジプトのキタラ,リラ,クルス,ロッタなど。 (3) そのほか中世ヨーロッパではビオル属,バイオリン属の前身楽器をリラ・ダ・ブラッチョ,リラ・ダ・ガンバ,またハーディ・ガーディをリラ・オルガニザータなどと呼んだ。

リラ

「ライラック」のページをご覧ください。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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