Romanes, GJ (English spelling) RomanesGJ

Japanese: Romanes，G.J.（英語表記）RomanesGJ

...JT Gulick (1872) also collected and studied land snails from the Hawaiian Islands, and found that there was a great deal of variation in the shape, color, and markings of the shells, and that the species varied from valley to valley, with nearby valleys being similar to each other, and the differences becoming greater the further away they were, and he argued that geographical isolation was important in the differentiation of species and genera. GJ Romanes (1848-94) also placed importance on isolation as well as variation and heredity, and from the standpoint of what is now called reproductive isolation, he argued that differences in the structure of reproductive organs and the timing of reproduction were important causes of the differentiation of species. Thus, in the 19th century, the role that isolation played in evolution was studied from the standpoints of taxonomy and biogeography. ...

From [Animal Behavior]

…In the chapter on “Instincts” in “On the Origin of Species,” Darwin clearly stated that animal behavior is also the product of evolution, and that “mind” and “heart” should also be the subject of biology. In “Man and Animal Expression,” he launched a full-scale study of animal behavior. However, the work of GJ Romanes (1848-98), who was influenced by Darwin, was criticized by Lloyd Morgan and others as being anthropomorphic. In the name of objectivism, Morgan and others proposed animal psychology, which considers living organisms as a stimulus-response system, and from the late 19th century to the 20th century, this, along with J. Loeb’s physiology of reflexes and taxis, became the mainstream of animal behavior research. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Romanes, GJ" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ギューリックJ.T.Gülick(1872)もハワイ群島の陸産巻貝を集めて研究し，貝の形，色，斑紋について変異が多く，谷ごとに種類が異なり，近くの谷は互いに似ており，遠くなるにつれ違いも大きくなることを明らかにし，種，属の分化に地理的な隔離が重要であると主張した。ローマニズG.J.Romanes(1848‐94)も変異，遺伝とともに隔離を重視し，今日いうところの生殖的隔離の立場から生殖器官の構造，生殖時期の相違が種の分化の重要な原因であると主張した。このように19世紀においては隔離が進化に対して果たしている役割が分類学，生物地理学の立場から研究された。…

【動物行動学】より

…ダーウィンは《種の起原》の〈本能〉の章で，動物の行動も進化の産物であり，〈精神〉や〈心〉も生物学の対象となるべきことを明確に述べ，また《人間および動物の表情》で，動物の行動に関する本格的研究を展開した。　しかし，ダーウィンの影響を受けたローマニーズG.J.Romanes(1848‐98)のしごとは，ロイド･モーガンらから擬人主義であるという批判を受ける。モーガンらは客観主義の名のもとに，生物体を一つの刺激反応系とみなす動物心理学を提唱し，以後19世紀後半から20世紀にかけては，これとJ.ロエブらの反射，走性の生理学が，動物行動研究の主流となる。…

※「Romanes，G.J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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