Located in Westminster, the center of London, England. It is also called the Palace of Westminster because it was once a palace. King Edward II built it as a royal palace over a period of 15 years from 1050. After the Great Fire of 1512, Henry VIII moved the royal palace to Whitehall in 1529, and it lost its function as a palace. Since 1547, the House of Commons has been located in the Crypt of St. Stephen's. In 1834, the building was completely burned down except for Westminster Hall and the Crypt of St. Stephen's. In 1836, Charles Barry won a design competition, and Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin designed the details, and the building was rebuilt between 1840 and 1865. The plan is composed of an octagonal hall in the center, a cruciform wing protruding from it, and buildings surrounding a courtyard. Its exterior, crowned by turrets including a richly decorated clock tower (→Big Ben) in the Perpendicular style, blends in well with its surroundings. Another feature is that the roof is entirely made of iron. It is an important example of the Gothic Revival and a masterpiece of 19th century British architecture. In 1987, it was registered as a World Heritage Site along with Westminster Abbey and St. Margaret's Cathedral. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イギリス,ロンドンの中心部ウェストミンスターに所在。かつて宮殿であったことからウェストミンスター・パレス Palace of Westminsterとも呼ばれる。エドワード王が 1050年から 15年の歳月をかけ王宮として建築。1512年の大火後の 1529年,ヘンリー8世が王宮をホワイトホールに移したため宮殿としての機能を失い,1547年以降はセント・スティーブンズ地下礼拝堂に下院の議場が置かれた。1834年の火災でウェストミンスター・ホールとセント・スティーブンズ地下礼拝堂を除いて建物が全焼したため,1836年の設計コンクールで当選したチャールズ・バリーの案により,細部設計をオーガスタス・ウェルビー・ノースモア・ピュージンが担当,1840~65年に再建された。平面は中央に八角形のホールを置き,そこから十字形に突き出た翼屋と,中庭を囲む建物からなる。パーペンディキュラー様式で豊かに装飾された時計塔(→ビッグ・ベン)をはじめ,小塔を戴く外観は,周囲とよく調和している。また屋根がすべて鉄製であることも特徴。ゴシック・リバイバルの重要なものであると同時に,19世紀のイギリス建築を代表する大作である。1987年ウェストミンスター寺院,セント・マーガレット聖堂とともに,世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。
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