Okushima - Okushima

Japanese: 奥島 - おくしま

A place name in Gamo District, Omi Province (present-day Omihachiman City, Shiga Prefecture), it was an island in Lake Biwa in ancient times. Okushima Manor (also called Shima Manor) was established as land of Enryakuji Temple, and in the Kamakura period, there were conflicts between the lower-ranking officials and the peasants, and with the neighboring Tsudanaka Manor over the setting of "eri" (collars) and nets. During the Nanboku-cho period, the Yorokobu had the trees of Goshoyama cut down and transported by boat to Sakamoto, which was considered illegal, and other disputes arose. During the Muromachi period, there were people among the manors known as Mube Kugonin, who presented offerings to the Imperial Court and the Shogunate, and there is a tradition that this had been the case since Emperor Tenchi. Also, within the manor, there was the Lake Upper Sight, which was under the control of the Sanmon sect. The Oshima Okutsushima Shrine, located within the manor, tells us the story of the manor's people, and strengthened the ties between the manors through the operation of the Miyaza. The Manor's Hidden Rules of 1262 already state that anyone who disturbed the order of the community, even their wives, daughters, and children, would be banished from the manor and their houses would be burned, and it can be said that the Miyaza had the character of a general unity and an executive body for village administration. The nearby Chomyoji Temple is the 31st temple of the Thirty-Three Kannon Temples of the Western Provinces, and is also known for the Chomyoji Pilgrimage Mandala.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

近江国蒲生(がもう)郡（現滋賀県近江八幡市）の地名で，古くは琵琶湖に浮かぶ島であった。延暦(えんりゃく)寺領の奥島荘（島荘とも）が成立しており，鎌倉期には下司(げし)と百姓の間や，隣接する津田中荘と【えり】や網の設定をめぐって対立，また南北朝期には預所が御所山の木を伐採させて船で坂本まで運ばせたことなどは非法であるとして抗争が起きている。室町期には荘民のなかに郁子(むべ)供御(くご)人と称される者がおり，禁裏(きんり)や幕府に進献していたが，それは天智天皇以来という伝承がある。また荘内には山門(さんもん)勢力下の湖上関が置かれていた。こうした荘民の姿を伝えるのは荘内に鎮座する大島奥津島神社で，宮座(みやざ)の運営を核に荘民間の紐帯を強めた。すでに1262年の荘隠規文(かくしきぶみ)には共同体の秩序を乱す者は妻女・子息でも荘園の外へ追放され，その住宅を焼かれることなどが記されており，宮座は惣(そう)結合と村政の執行機関という性格をもっていたといえよう。また近くの長命寺は西国三十三所観音霊場第31番札所であり，長命寺参詣曼陀羅でも知られる。

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