Lange, K.

...There are many theorists, but Ernst Grosse (1862-1927) argued that the universal essence of art should be derived from individual specific problems, and advocated research based on anthropological methods. He himself dealt with the art of primitive peoples and shifted his emphasis to the aspect of it as a social phenomenon. Konrad Lange (1855-1921), who used psychological methods, argued that beauty should be studied in accordance with art, which is unambiguous in its action, and developed his own theory of art as aesthetics, which teaches that illusion is a conscious self-deception. On the other hand, Max Dessoir (1867-1947) emphasized that beauty and art do not overlap in scope, and advocated the establishment of a general science of art alongside aesthetics. He stated that while each art has its own systematic science of art, the task of a general science of art is to examine the premises, methods, and objectives of these various sciences, and to summarize and compare their important findings.

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Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…論者も多いが，グロッセErnst Grosse(1862‐1927)は個々の特殊問題から芸術の普遍的本質を導くべきとして，人類学的方法にもとづく研究を提唱し，みずから原始民族の芸術を扱って社会現象としての側面に重点を移した。心理学的方法によるランゲKonrad Lange(1855‐1921)は，美は作用の点であいまいさをとどめぬ芸術に即して研究すべきとし，意識的自己欺瞞（ぎまん）たる幻想(イリュージョン)を説く独自の芸術論を美学として展開した。他方デソアールMax Dessoir(1867‐1947)は美と芸術とは双方の範囲が合致せぬことを重視し，美学と並ぶ〈一般芸術学allgemeine Kunstwissenschaft〉を主張，個々の芸術にはそれぞれ体系的特殊芸術学が成立するが，これら諸学の前提，方法，目的を吟味して重要な成果を総括し比較することを一般芸術学の課題とした。…

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