…As many dictionaries agree, the word “theatre” is almost the translation of the English word theater, the French word théâtre, and the German word Theater. All of them originate from the Greek word theatron, which means “a place to watch,” and the meaning of theater comes from the use of parts to express the whole. However, the scope of meaning differs between languages, and while in all languages a “spectator seat” becomes a “theater,” it is only in French that the word can simultaneously refer to a “theater,” “the totality of theatrical performances,” and “the totality of a writer’s plays.”… From [Theater]…But such spaces were not forgotten throughout history, but have always been present in the traditions of entertainment events such as religious ceremonies, festivals, folk performing arts, and circuses around the world. The word theater (Greek: theatron, Latin: theatrum) has long been used as an allegory of the universe and the world, and this comes from the fact that theaters are places of theatrical performances that depict all aspects of the destiny of gods and humans. The architectural book written by the Roman architect Vitruvius, who lived in the 1st century BC, is an important source for understanding the state of theaters in the Hellenistic period, and it was precisely because of this allegory that people in the Renaissance interpreted the layout of theater floor plans as containing the main part of the theater within a ring. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "theatron" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…多くの辞典が一致して述べているように,〈演劇〉はほぼ英語theatre(シアター),フランス語théâtre(テアートル),ドイツ語Theater(テアーター)の訳語に当たる。いずれも〈見物する場所〉を意味するギリシア語theatron(テアトロン)に発して,部分で全体を表すことにより演劇の意となる。しかし各国語の間で意味の広がりは異なって,〈見物席〉が〈劇場〉となるのはどの国語も同じであるが,この語が同時に〈劇場〉と〈舞台表現の総体〉と〈一作家の戯曲の総体〉を指しうるのはフランス語においてである。… 【劇場】より…しかし,そうした空間は歴史を通じて忘れ去られていたわけではなく,世界中の神事や祭事,民俗芸能,サーカスなどの娯楽的な催物の伝統のうちに,つねに変わらず存在していたのである。 劇場(ギリシア語theatron,ラテン語theatrum)という言葉は,古くから宇宙,世界の寓意をもって用いられてきたが,これは劇場が神と人間の運命の全様相を描く演劇の場であることに由来する。前1世紀のローマの建築家ウィトルウィウスが書いた建築書は,ヘレニズム時代の劇場の様相を知るうえで重要な資料だが,ルネサンス期の人々が劇場平面の割り出し方を,円環のうちに劇場の主部をおさめると解釈したのは,まさにこの寓意につながってのことであった。… ※「theatron」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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