...In the III period (400-700), agricultural systems were established and beans were cultivated. Settlement sites also became larger, and pit dwellings with underground religious buildings (kivas) appeared. Influenced by the Mogollon culture to the south, pottery also began to be produced, and rectangular metates were used. From the Pueblo...The large settlements of the Pueblo III period (1100-1300) (Pueblo Bonito, Cliff Palace, etc.) and the extant settlement of Taos were three- or four-story apartment-style buildings. The settlements still have semi-subterranean religious buildings (kivas) with square or circular plans. Each settlement was an independent tribe. From [Pueblo Culture]...In the Pueblo I period (700-900), the semi-subterranean pit dwellings of the preceding Basket-Maker III period gave way to flat-land collective dwellings. In the II period (900-1100), settlements tended to become scattered, with a combination of several-room apartment-style dwellings with stone walls and semi-subterranean religious buildings (kivas). In the III period (1100-1300), settlements showed a tendency to become concentrated, and large settlements were built. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "kiva" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…III期(400‐700)に入ると,農耕体系が確立され,マメ類も栽培された。集落遺跡も大規模化し,地下式の宗教的建造物(キバkiva)を有する集合住宅形式の竪穴住居群が現れる。南方のモゴヨン文化からの影響をうけて土器も製作されはじめ,長方形のメタテが使用された。… 【プエブロ族】より…プエブロ文化III期(1100‐1300)の大集落遺跡(プエブロ・ボニートやクリフ・パレスなど)や現存のタオスの集落にみられるように,3~4階建てのアパート形式の集合住宅であった。集落には方形ないし円形のプランをもつ半地下式の宗教的建造物(キバkiva)が今日でもある。 各集落は,独立した部族の形式をとる。… 【プエブロ文化】より…プエブロ文化I期(700‐900)には,先行するバスケット・メーカーIII期の半地下式竪穴住居が平地式の集合住居へ移行する。II期(900‐1100)には,集落は散在する傾向を示し,石積みの壁をもつ数室のアパート式住居と半地下式の宗教的建造物(キバkiva)の組合せが出現する。III期(1100‐1300)の集落は人口集中の傾向を示し,大集落が築かれた。… ※「kiva」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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