Additional rice was collected from public lands and manors in addition to official property and annual taxes. Its existence can be confirmed in the late Heian period, but its contents were diverse and cannot be discussed in a uniform manner. It first appeared in the Kamakura period as one of the land stewards' share of rice, and in the early days, the amount was unfixed and depended on local precedents. However, under the new supplementary rate law established after the Jōkyū War (1221), land stewards were required to pay a flat rate of 5 sho per tan, and could collect rice from cultivated land other than the land given to the land stewards (Article 23 of the Kamakura Shogunate Supplementary Law). According to this provision, "(additional rice) is of course included in the official property of regular taxes," and in principle it was taken from official property and annual taxes. Also, in the Edo period, rent was sometimes called additional rice. [Kimura Shigemitsu] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
公領・荘園(しょうえん)において官物(かんもつ)や年貢のほかに徴収された付加米。平安時代後期にも存在を確認することができるが、その内容は多様で一律に論じることはできない。明確に現れるのは鎌倉期の地頭得分(じとうとくぶん)の一つとしての加徴米で、その初期は、地域の先例によって額が左右され不定であった。しかし承久(じょうきゅう)の乱(1221)後に設置された新補率法(しんぽりっぽう)地頭は、一律反別5升と定められ、地頭給田以外の耕地から徴収しうることになった(鎌倉幕府追加法23条)。その規定によれば「(加徴は)正税(しょうぜい)官物の内たるの条もちろんなり」とあって、官物・年貢のうちから割(さ)き取られるのが原則であった。また、江戸時代には小作料を加徴米とよぶ所があった。 [木村茂光] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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