Kerr cell

Japanese: Kerr cell(英語表記)Kerrcell
Kerr cell

…The electric Kerr effect is an effect caused by the orientation of the polarization of molecules by an electric field, and is used to study the polarizability of molecules of opposite polarity. A Kerr cell is a device in which purified nitrobenzene is placed between a polarizer and an analyzer that are crossed at right angles, and an electric field can be applied perpendicular to the direction of light propagation using electrode plates. The relaxation time of the Kerr effect of nitrobenzene is extremely short, about 10-8 seconds, and the birefringence disappears immediately when the electric field is removed, so this can be used as a high-speed optical shutter that can be electrically operated. …

From [High-speed photography]


[Instant Shutter]
Mechanical shutters have a large inertia, so the minimum exposure time is about 10-3 s. For this reason, shutters that utilize electro-(magnetic)-optical effects and have a high response speed are used for instantaneous photography. These include the Kerr cell, which uses the Kerr effect, and the Faraday cell, which uses the Faraday effect. A Kerr cell is a transparent container containing an isotropic liquid such as nitrobenzene, to which electrodes are attached.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Kerr cell" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…この電気的カー効果は分子の分極が電場によって配向することに原因する効果で,異極性分子の分極率の研究に用いられる。直交した偏光子と検光子との間に精製したニトロベンゼンをおき,電極板によって光の進行方向と垂直に電場を加えられるようにしたものをカー・セルKerr cellという。ニトロベンゼンのカー効果の緩和時間が10-8秒程度ときわめて短く,電場がなくなると複屈折性も直ちに消失するので,これは電気的に操作のできる高速の光シャッターとして用いられる。…

【高速度写真】より


[瞬間シャッター]
 機械的シャッターは慣性が大きいため,露出時間は10-3s程度が最低限度である。そこで瞬間写真では応答速度の大きい電気(磁気)光学効果を利用したシャッターが用いられ,これにはカー効果を利用したカー・セルKerr cell,ファラデー効果を利用したファラデー・セルFaraday cellなどがある。ニトロベンゼンなどの等方な透明液体を透明容器に入れ,これに電極をつけたものをカー・セルという。…

※「Kerr cell」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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>>:  Kerr, J. (physicist)

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