The ratio of dividends, interest, etc. resulting from an investment in securities to the purchase price of the securities. When funds are borrowed and lent through the buying and selling of securities, such as in the securities market, the lender of funds, i.e. the buyer of securities, purchases the securities at a fixed price that does not necessarily coincide with the face value, and if the securities are bonds, they receive the nominal interest printed on the face of the bond (in the case of stocks, there is no maturity) until the securities mature (in the case of stocks, there is a dividend based on the issuer's performance). This nominal interest is also called coupon interest, and the ratio of the face value of the securities to this is called the nominal interest rate or coupon rate. The ratio of the securities price to the nominal interest is called the yield. In the new securities issuance market, securities are not necessarily issued at face value. The higher the reliability of the issuer's debt repayment, the closer to face value the securities can be issued. In general, public bonds are more reliable than private bonds, and even private bonds are rated according to the performance of the issuing company. The issuer's yield is In the case of stocks, new shares may be issued at face value, but in most cases they are issued based on the stock price in the secondary market at the time, i.e., at market value. Therefore, the yield is the ratio of the stock issue price in the above sense to the dividend. In the secondary securities market, where previously issued bonds and stocks are bought and sold, the price of the security fluctuates to reflect the supply and demand at any given time. Therefore, the secondary yield is the ratio of the security's price in the secondary market at any given time to the interest or dividend. The secondary yield closely reflects the applicant yield, as investors compare the yield of a newly issued security with the secondary market yield of that security and prefer the more favorable one. Around 1960, the term "yield revolution" was coined to describe the phenomenon in which stock yields, which had been high at the time, fell below bond and deposit yields. Furthermore, yields and market interest rates coincide. This is because arbitrage works between the markets for each financial asset. Therefore, when market interest rates rise, security prices fall, and conversely, when they fall, security prices rise. [Shiro Hara and Osamu Kitai] "Interest Rates" by Tetsuo Adachi (1975, Institute of Financial Affairs) " "Textbook of Financial Theory" edited by Shiro Hara (1980, Yuhikaku) [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
有価証券への投資の結果生じる配当・利子などの有価証券の買入れ価格に対する割合。証券市場のように有価証券の売買を通じて資金の貸借が行われる場合、資金の貸し手、つまり有価証券の買い手は、有価証券を額面価格とはかならずしも一致しない一定の価格で購入し、有価証券が債券であるときはその満期を通じて(株式の場合は満期がないが)、その債券の券面に記載された表面利子(株式の場合は発行者の業績に応じての配当)を獲得する。この表面利子はクーポン利子ともいわれ、これに対する証券の額面価格の割合を表面利率またはクーポン・レートという。そして、表面利子に対する証券価格の割合を利回りとよぶのである。 新規証券の発行市場において、証券はかならずしも額面価格で発行されるわけではない。証券発行者の債務償還の信頼度が高いほど額面に近い価格で発行することができる。一般に公共債は民間債より信頼性が高く、民間債でも発行企業の業績に応じて格付けがなされる。発行者にとっての発行者利回りは、 株式の場合には、新規株式は額面価格で発行されることもあるが、多くの場合はその時の株式流通市場での株価に基づいて発行される、いわゆる時価発行が多い。したがって利回りは配当に対する上のような意味での株式発行価格の割合となる。 既発行の債券や株式が売買される証券流通市場においては、証券の価格はその時その時の需給を反映して変動する。したがって、流通利回りは利子あるいは配当に対するその時々の流通市場における証券価格の割合となる。流通利回りは応募者利回りに密接に反映する。投資家は新規発行証券の利回りとその証券の流通市場での利回りを比較して、有利なほうを選好するからである。 1960年ごろには、本来高位にあった株式利回りが、債券、預金の利回りより低くなった現象をとらえて「利回り革命」ということばも誕生した。また、利回りと市場利子率は一致する。各金融資産の市場間に裁定が働くからである。したがって、市場利子率が上昇すると証券価格は低下し、逆に下落すると上昇するという関係が生ずる。 [原 司郎・北井 修] 『阿達哲雄著『金利』(1975・金融財政事情研究会)』▽『原司郎編『テキストブック金融論』(1980・有斐閣)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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