Jurist

Japanese: Jurist
Jurist

...Even during the Cold War, the desire to emigrate was strong, and West Germany supported this, but this was not fulfilled, and now that it has become possible to "return home" in principle, they are forced into a difficult situation in which things are not going well for their "home countries." [Kiyohiko Nagai]
[Legal History]
At the end of the 13th century, a new social group called Jurists (legal professionals) was formed in Germany. Unlike legal notables such as judges (Schöffe) who were the bearers of the law as the common property of the people in medieval feudal society, Jurists were scholars of specialized foreign law (Roman canon law) and created a new form of learned law and legal professional law that was in opposition to the previous customary law and popular law.

From the legal profession

…In France, lawyers (légiste) have served the king since the mid-13th century, and by the end of that century, lawyers made up the majority of judges at the Paris High Court (Parlement), and by the 14th century, they had monopolized the position. In Germany, the foreign word jurist (Jurist) had been in common use by around 1300, and since Rudolf I, lawyers have always held seats on the king's council. In the 15th century, they began to appear in royal courts, and when the imperial court was founded in 1495, it was clearly stipulated that half of the judges must be lawyers (the other half must be nobles). …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Jurist" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…冷戦の間にも移住の希望は強く,西ドイツはこれを支持していたが,これがみたされず,やっと原則として〈帰国〉できるようになってみると,今度は〈母国〉のつごうがよくなくなっている,という苦しい状況を強いられている。【永井 清彦】
【法制史】
 13世紀末ころには,法律家Jurist(法曹)という新しい社会集団がドイツに成立した。彼らは中世の封建社会に存在した〈民衆の共有財産としての法〉の担い手であった審判人Schöffeといった法名望家とは異なり,特殊専門化された外国法(ローマ・カノン法)の学識者として,それまでの〈慣習法〉〈民衆法〉と対立する新しい〈学識法〉〈法曹法〉を創造していったのである。…

【法曹】より

…フランスでは法律家(レジストlégiste)が13世紀中葉以降国王に仕えているが,同世紀末にはパリの高等法院(パルルマン)の裁判官の過半数を法律家が占め,14世紀に入ると独占するところとなった。ドイツでは法律家(ユリストJurist)という外来語が1300年ごろには定着して用いられており,ルドルフ1世以来,法律家はつねに国王の顧問会に席を占めている。15世紀には王室裁判所に姿をみせはじめ,1495年帝室裁判所の創設に際しては,裁判官の半数は法律家によって構成されねばならない(他の半数は貴族)と明確に規定された。…

※「Jurist」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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